2002 Subject Index

2002 Subject Index

Volume 23, Numbers 1-26

Entries are organized alphabetically by subject matter and key words, with entries followed by the issue number and page number (e.g., issue number 2, page 20 would be listed as 2:20). Tables are indicated by a lowercase t, figures by a lowercase f. Supplements are indicated by an uppercase S.

Abacavir, 538Z:6t

ABC mnemonic for organic mimics, 20:236-238, 237t

Abdominal pain

high-risk patients, 536Z:6
right lower quadrant, in women, 1:1-13, 2t, 3f
Abrasions, 26:316
corneal, 13:167

Abscesses

in deep spaces in hand, 25:307, 308f
felon, 25:304-305
perforated appendicitis and, 1:7-8, 8f

Abuse

child, 6:69, 71f

sexual

behavioral indicators of, 6:70, 72t
complaint/exam indicators of, 6:70, 72t
differential diagnosis of, 6:75-76
examination, 6:71
pediatric, 6:69-76
physical examination techniques for, 6:72
specialized forensic exam techniques for, 6:72-73

ACC. See American College of Cardiology

ACEIs. See Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Acetabulum, Trauma 4:3, 4f

fractures of, Trauma 4:9-10
radiographic lines of, Trauma 4:4-5, 5f

Acetaminophen

for pain management, 5:55, 56t
warfarin interactions, 12:154, 155t

Acidic substances, 13:170t

ACS. See Coronary syndrome, acute

Actinomyces israelii, 1:9

Acute hand, 23:275-283, 24:287-299, 25:303-311

examination of, 23:279-282
initial evaluation of, 23:279-280
motor function evaluation of, 23:282
neurological evaluation of, 23:281-282
sensation evaluation of, 23:281-282
vascular status of, 23:280-281
what not to do with, 23:281t, 283

Acute hydrocele/varicocele, 2:25

Acute pain, 5:64

Acute retroviral syndrome (ARS), 538Z:3

diagnosis of, 538Z:3-4
differential diagnosis of, 538Z:3, 3t

Acute scrotum, 2:19-20, 19t

Acute wounds, 26:324t

Acyclovir, 6:77t

Adenosine, 4:49, 4S

Adnexal torsion, 1:5-6, 7t

Adolescents, 537Z:6-7

Adrenaline, 22:267-269, 268t

Adrenal insufficiency, 20:241

Advance directives, 537Z:5

Adverse drug effects

with anthrax drugs, 6S:3
diagnosis of, 12:155-156
in elderly, 11:147, 147t
legal considerations for, 12:156
reporting, 12:159
with sedation and analgesia, 22:269t
strategies to prevent, 12:157t, 158t

AF. See Atrial fibrillation

Agitation, 21:255t

AHA. See American Heart Association

Airborne anthrax, 11S:4

Airway problems, 20:236-237, 238t

indicators of, 22:264, 266t
pre-procedural examination of, 22:264, 266t

Alcoholism, 9:112t

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome, early-onset, 20:238

Alfentanyl, 21:257

Alkali substances, 13:170t

Allen test, 23:280-281, 281f

Alprazolam, 22:267

Alternative drug therapy, 12:158

American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) heart failure classification, 7:89t

American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)

classifications, 22:264-265, 265t
physical status classification of, 21:249, 250t

Amethocaine. See Tetracaine

Aminoglycoside, 9:112t, 119, 10:132, 137t, 138

Amiodarone

for brady-tachy syndrome, 19:227, 228t
for cardioversion, 19:225
for cardioversion of AF, 19:222, 223t
for CHF/LV dysfunction, 19:227, 228t
digoxin interactions, 12:155
for ischemic heart disease/MI, 19:227, 228t
for rate control, 19:220
for sinus rhythm maintenance, 19:226
for SVT, 4S
warfarin interactions, 12:155t

Amitriptyline, 5:63

Amoxicillin

for CAP, 9:114t, 10:140t
for UTI, 1:11

Amoxicillin/clavulanate

for bites, 26:324
for CAP, 9:114t, 10:140t

Amphetamines, 12:155

Ampicillin

for acute bacterial prostatitis, 3:35
for acute cholangitis, 17:207, 208t, 209

Ampicillin/sulbactam, 9:112t, 113t, 114t, 119, 10:137t, 139t, 140t

Amputations

fingertip, 24:297, 297f, 298f
hand
replantation of, 24:296, 298t
traumatic, 24:296-297
treatment advances, 24:297-298

Analgesia

adult, agents for, 21:253t-255t
adverse events, 22:269t
definition of, 21:248
implanted devices for, 5:64
levels of, 21:248, 249t
pediatric, drugs and reversal agents for, 21:255t-266t
post-sedation and analgesia discharge criteria, 22:269, 269t
for right lower quadrant abdominal pain in women, 1:3

Anatomy

of eye, 13:163, 165f
of hand, 23:276-279
of pediatric sexual abuse, 6:73-74
of pelvis, Trauma 4:2-3
of penis, 3:31f
of prostate, 3:34
of sacroiliac complex, Trauma 4:2-3
of scrotum, 2:19, 19f
of testis, 2:19, 19f

Anesthesia

local, 26:318, 318t
topical, 22:268t
wound, 26:318-319

Angiodysplasia, Geriatric 1:5-6

Angiography

lower GI, Geriatric 1:10
pulmonary, 14:170

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)

contraindications to, 8:96, 96t
drug interactions, 12:154
for heart failure, 8:96-97, 96t
NSAID interactions, 12:155

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), 8:96t, 97

Animal bites, 25:309-310, 26:324-325

rabies prophylaxis recommendations for, 26:325, 325t
wounds with increased risk for infection, 26:325t

Anisocoria, 13:174

Anoscopy, Geriatric 1:10

Anthrax

aftermath, 6S:1-4
airborne, 11S:4
extended treatment of, 6S:1-4
fear of, 12S:1-3

Anthrax drug adherence, 6S:3

Anthrax mailer, 9S:3-4

Antiarrhythmics

class IA
for cardioversion, 19:222-223, 223t, 225
for rate control, 19:222t
class IC, 19:223, 223t, 225
class III, 19:223t, 224-225
contraindications to, 8:105
digoxin interactions, 12:155

Antibiotics

for acute cholangitis, 17:207, 208t
for anthrax, adherence to, 6S:3
for appendicitis, 1:8-9
for CAP, 9:119-120, 10:131, 136-138, 138-139
daily drug costs, 9:116, 117t
for hospital-based management of CAP, 9:116-117, 10:129-142
ophthalmic, 13:168t
for pelvic inflammatory disease, 1:9
prophylactic, 26:323-324, 324t
for pyelonephritis, 1:11
topical, 26:322
warfarin interactions, 12:154, 155t

Anticoagulation therapy, 8:104, 15:176-177

complications of, 15:183-185
duration of, 15:183, 184t
guidelines for AF, 19:226, 226t
importance of, 19:226
inpatient, 8:104
outpatient, 8:104
patient acceptance of, 15:184
patient education about, 15:180-181
special considerations for, 15:183-185
for VTE, 15:181-183

Anticonvulsants, 5:63

Antidepressants, 5:62-63

Antiemetics, 17:208

for adnexal torsion, 1:6
for medication-induced nausea and vomiting, 5:59

Antifungals, 12:155t

Antihistamines

drug interactions, 11:150
for medication-induced nausea and vomiting, 5:59

Antimicrobial Resistance Management (ARM) Database, 9:122-123

Antimicrobial therapy

appropriate and adequate intensity of, 9:120
for CAP, 9:109-122, 112t, 113t, 10:129-142, 139t

Antipsychotics, 11:150

Antispasmodic agents, 17:208

Anxiolytic drugs, 21:248

Appendicitis, 1:6-9

perforated, 1:7-8, 8f
uncomplicated, 1:7-8, 8f

Appendix testis/epididymis, torsion of, 2:24-25

ARBs. See Angiotensin receptor blockers

Arrhythmias

atrial tachyarrhythmias, 4:42t
atrioventricular tachyarrhythmias, 4:42t
ventricular, 8:105

Arterial blood gases, 14:168

Arteries, hand, 23:277-278

Arthritis, septic, 25:305-306

ASA. See American Society of Anesthesiologists

ASCAP (Antibiotic Selection for Community-Acquired Pneumonia) Panel

guidelines for empiric antimicrobial therapy, 9:112t, 10:137t
recommendations for outpatient management, 10:130-131
treatment guidelines, 10:131-133
Year 2002 Consensus Report Panel and Scientific Roundtable, 9:111

Aspirin

for AF, 19:226, 226t
for pain management, 5:55, 56t
warfarin interactions, 12:154

Assent and dissent, 537Z:4

Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), 12S:3-4

Atenolol, 19:226

Ativan. See Lorazepam

Atrial fibrillation, 4:44f, 45, 47t, 18:211-216

anticoagulation guidelines for, 19:226, 226t
chronic, 18:214t
classification of, 18:212, 214t
clinical presentation of, 18:215
coexisting illnesses, 19:226-228, 228t
conditions associated with, 18:212-213
diagnostic studies for, 18:215
ECG findings in, 18:215-216, 216t, 217f
electrophysiologic mechanisms of, 18:213
epidemiology of, 18:212-213
etiology of, 18:213-215
exercise-induced, 19:227-228, 228t
hemodynamic effects of, 18:214
hemostatic markers of, 18:214
management of, 19:219-229
medications for pharmacological cardioversion of, 19:222-223, 223t
medications for rate control in, 19:220, 222t
neurogenic, 19:227, 228t
outcome of, 18:213
paroxysmal, 18:214t
pathophysiology of, 18:213-215
patient disposition in, 19:229
post-surgical, 19:227, 228t
prevalence of, 18:212, 215t
recent-onset, 18:214t
risk factors for, 18:215t
risk factors for stroke in, 19:224t
signs and symptoms of, 18:215
special conditions in, 19:226-228, 228t
stroke outcome for, 18:213
treatment of, 4:46, 49f
algorithm for, 19:221f
goals for, 18:213t
nonpharmacological, 19:228

Atrial flutter, 4:44, 47t

with 2:1 block, 4:44, 44f
with 4:1 conduction, 4:44, 44f

Atrial remodeling, 18:213-214

Atrial tachyarrhythmias, 4:42t

Atrial tachycardia, 4:43f, 44, 47t

ectopic, 4:44
multifocal, 4:43, 43f, 47t

Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), 4:45-46, 45f, 46f, 47t

Atrioventricular node, 18:214

Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT), 4:46, 47t, 48f

Atrioventricular tachyarrhythmias, 4:42t

Avulsion injuries, pelvic, Trauma 4:8-9

Avulsions, 26:316

Azithromycin, 9:122-123

for acute epididymitis, 2:24
for CAP, 9:112t, 113t, 114t, 123, 10:132, 133, 136, 137t, 139, 139t, 140t
for cervicitis, 1:10t
for chlamydia, 1:10t, 6:77t
daily cost, 9:117t
for N. gonorrhoeae treatment, 6:77t
for urethritis, 3:37

AZT. See Zidovudine

Aztreonam

for acute cholangitis, 17:208t
for CAP, 9:119

Bacitracin ophthalmic ointment, 13:168t

Baclofen, 5:62t

Bacterial endocarditis, 20:241-242

Bacterial keratitis, 13:171-172

Bacterial prostatitis, acute, 3:34-35

Bacterial vaginosis, 6:77t

Bacteroides

antimicrobial therapy for, 9:119
in cholecystitis/cholangitis, 17:205t
in pelvic inflammatory disease, 1:9

Bacteroides fragilis

antimicrobial therapy for, 9:119-120
in Fournier’s gangrene, 3:34

Bactrim. See Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

Balanitis, 3:31

Barbiturates, 21:251-252

Barium enema, Geriatric 1:10

Barrier precautions, Trauma 3:5

BCA. See Bichloroacetic acid

Behavioral indicators of sexual abuse, 6:72t, 79

Bell-clapper deformity, 2:20-21, 21f

Bennet’s fractures, 24:289t

Benzodiazepines

antagonists, 21:257-258
for procedural sedation, 21:252

Beta-blockers, 19:220

for brady-tachy syndrome, 19:227, 228t
CCB interactions, 12:154-155, 156t
for CHF/LV dysfunction, 19:227, 228t
contraindications to, 8:97t
for exercise-induced AF, 19:227-228, 228t
for heart failure, 8:97-98, 97t
for neurogenic AF, 19:227, 228t
NSAID interactions, 12:155
for rate control in AF, 19:222t
for thyrotoxicosis, 19:227, 228t

Beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor, 9:112t, 113t, 114t, 119, 121-122, 10:131-132, 132, 137t, 138, 139, 139t, 140t

Bichloroacetic acid (BCA), 6:77t

Biliary tract disorders, 17:203-209

Bioimpedance monitoring, 7:90-91

Bioterrorism, 2S:1-4, 6S:1-4, 9S:1-4, 11S:1-4, 12S:1-4

anthrax mailer, 9S:3-4
forensics, 9S:4
planning for, 12S:4
tabletop exercises, 11S:2, 3

Bites, 25:309-310

animal, 25:309-310, 26:324-325, 325t
fight, 25:305t, 309, 26:324
human, 26:324, 325t

Bleeding. See also Hemorrhage

gastrointestinal, Geriatric 1:7t
with heparin, 15:182
lower GI, Geriatric 1:1-11
upper GI
acute, Geriatric 1:5f
sites, Geriatric 1:8

Blepharitis, 13:170

Blister agents, 2S:3

Blood, Trauma 3:7

Blood substitutes, Trauma 3:8

Body composition, 11:148

Botanicals, 12:155t

Brady-tachy syndrome, 19:227, 228t

Breach of duty, 536Z:3

Breast development, 6:73t

Breathing problems, 20:236-237, 238t

Brevital. See Methohexital

British Anti-Lewisite (BAL), 2S:3

Bromelains, 12:155t

Brown bag syndrome, 11:146

B-type natriuretic peptide, 7:89-90

Bumetanide

for acute heart failure, 8:98t
for acute pulmonary edema, 8:95

Bupivacaine (Marcaine), 26:318t

Bupivacaine with epinephrine, 26:318t

Buprenorphine

for pain management, 5:62
starting dose, 5:61t

Burns/chemical exposure, ocular, 13:168-169

Butorphanol, 5:61t

Calcium, 18:214

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs)

for CHF/LV dysfunction, 19:227, 228t
contraindications to, 8:104
drug interactions, 12:154-155, 156t
for rate control in AF, 19:222t

Calf vein thrombosis, 15:186

California, 535Z:5t

Cancer

colorectal, Geriatric 1:6
penile, 3:34
prostate, 3:35
testicular, 2:26

Candida albicans, 6:76

CAP. See Community-acquired pneumonia

Capnocytophaga canimorsus, 26:324

Capsaicin, 5:62

Captopril, 8:96t

Carbamazepine

CCB interactions, 12:156t

for pain management, 5:63

Cardiac ICU, 8:105t

Cardiac monitoring, 7:88

Cardiac output, low, 7:87, 87t

Cardiogenic shock, 7:85, 8:105

diagnosis of, 7:85, 85t
etiologies of, 7:84, 84t
management strategies for, 8:95

Cardiologists, 19:229

Cardiovascular disturbances, 20:237-238, 238t

Cardiovascular function, 11:148-149

Cardioversion, 19:220-225

complications of, 19:225
electrical
considerations for, 19:223-224
pharmacologically augmented, 19:224
hemodynamic changes after, 18:215
medications for, 19:224-225
methods for, 19:225
pharmacological, 19:222-223, 224

Carisoprol, 5:62t

Carvedilol

for chronic systolic heart failure, 8:97t
for heart failure, 8:97

Cat bites, 26:325, 325t

Catheter ablation, endocardial, 19:228

Catheters. See also Foley catheter

epidural, 5:64

Causation, 536Z:3

Caval filters, 15:185-186

Cavernous sinus thrombosis, 13:174-175

CCBs. See Calcium channel blockers

Cefadroxil, 1:11

Cefepime, 9:112t

for CAP, 9:113t, 10:137t, 139t

Cefixime, 1:10t, 6:77t

Cefmetazole, 9:119

Cefoperazone, 9:119

Cefotaxime

for CAP, 9:112t, 113t, 114t, 119, 10:133, 137t, 138, 139t, 140t
daily cost, 9:117t
for S. pneumoniae, 9:122-123
year 2002 NCCLS breakpoints, 9:119

Cefotetan, 9:119

Cefoxitin, 9:119

Ceftazidime, 9:119

Ceftizoxime, 10:138

Ceftriaxone

for acute epididymitis, 2:24
breakpoints, 9:119
for CAP, 9:112t, 113t, 114t, 119, 121-122, 10:131-132, 137t, 138, 139, 139t, 140t
for conjunctivitis, 13:171
daily cost, 9:117t
for gonorrhea, 1:10t, 6:77t
for pyelonephritis, 1:11
for S. pneumoniae, 9:122-123
for urethritis, 3:37

Cefuroxime, 9:114t, 119, 10:138, 140t

Celecoxib, 5:57t, 58

Cell-saver techniques, Trauma 3:8

Cellulitis

hand, 25:306
periorbital (preseptal)/orbital, 13:173

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Therapeutic Working Group (CDC-DRSPWG)

guidelines for antibiotic therapy of CAP, 10:138-139
recommended year 2000 empiric regimens for CAP, 9:114t, 10:140t
extended anthrax treatment offer, 6S:1-4
recommendations for action against bioterrorism, 9S:2
recommendations for tetanus prophylaxis, 26:323
smallpox plan, 12S:3-4

Central nervous system disturbances, 20:237-238, 238t

Central retinal artery occlusion, 13:173-174

Central retinal vein occlusion, 13:174

Cephalosporins

for bites, 26:324
for CAP, 9:113t, 119, 10:131-132, 138
for fingertip amputation, 24:297
third-generation
for acute cholangitis, 17:208t, 209
for CAP, 9:119

Cervicitis, 1:9, 10t

Chalazia, 13:171

Chemical exposures

ocular, 13:168-169, 170t
signs and symptoms of, 2S:3
triage, 2S:2

Chest pain, 536Z:5-6

Chest radiography (CXR)

in heart failure, 7:90, 91t
portable, 7:91t
in venous thromboembolism, 14:167-168

Child abuse, 6:69, 71f

Children. See also Pediatric patients

assent or dissent from, 537Z:4
NPO status for, 22:263-264, 264t
pain control in, 5:65
STD testing and prophylaxis for, 6:75

Children’s rights, 537Z:1-9

Chlamydia

in acute epididymitis, 2:24
empiric antibiotic coverage for, 10:136
in PID, 1:9
prophylaxis of, 6:77t
treatment of, 1:10t, 6:77t

Chlamydia pneumoniae

antimicrobial therapy for, 9:119, 120
combination therapy for, 9:123, 10:132
outpatient management of, 10:130, 131
in pneumonia, 10:136, 138, 139t

Chlamydia psittaci, 10:138

Chlamydia trachomatis, 3:37

Chloral hydrate

for procedural sedation, 21:250
for sedation for pediatric CT and MRI scans, 22:267

Chloride, 2S:3

Chlorphenesin, 5:62t

Chlorpromazine (Phenergan), 21:249

Chlorzoxazine, 5:62t

Cholangitis

acute, 17:208t
antibiotics for, 17:207
bacterial pathogens associated with, 17:205
clinical manifestations of, 17:205, 206t

Cholecystitis, 17:203-209

bacterial pathogens associated with, 17:205, 205t
clinical presentation of, 17:205, 206t
complications of, 17:207-208
diagnosis of, 17:205-206
differential diagnosis of, 17:206-207
pathophysiology of, 17:204-205
treatment of, 17:208-209

Cholelithiasis, 17:203-209

bacterial pathogens associated with, 17:205t
clinical presentation of, 17:205, 206t
complications of, 17:207-208
diagnosis of, 17:205-206
differential diagnosis of, 17:206-207
pathophysiology of, 17:204-205
treatment of, 17:208-209

Choline magnesium trisalicylate, 5:56t

Chronic pain, 5:64-65

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

for acute cholangitis, 17:207, 208t
for acute epididymitis, 2:24
for CAP, 9:112t, 113t, 10:137t, 139t
daily cost, 9:117t
drops, 13:168t
for gonorrhea, 1:10t, 6:77t
for pyelonephritis, 1:11
resistance to, 10:135
for UTI, 1:10
warfarin interactions, 12:154, 155t

Clarithromycin, 9:122-123

for CAP, 9:113t, 114t, 10:139, 139t, 140t
digoxin interactions, 12:155
warfarin interactions, 12:154, 155t

Clavulanate

for acute cholangitis, 17:208t
for bites, 26:324
for CAP, 9:112t, 114t, 10:133, 137t, 140t

Cleaning the hand, 23:282

Clenched-fist injuries, 26:324

Clindamycin

for acute cholangitis, 17:208t, 209
for CAP, 9:112t, 113t, 119, 10:132, 137t, 139t
for gonorrhea, 1:10t

Clinical guidelines/pathways, 12:157-158

Clitoris, 6:73

Clonidine, 5:62

Closed head injury, Trauma 3:9

Clostridium

in cholecystitis/cholangitis, 17:205, 205t
in infectious diarrhea, Geriatric 1:9

CLOT (Cost-Lowering Options for optimizing outcomes in Thrombosis) analysis, 16:199

Coagulation factors, Trauma 3:7

Cocaine

serotonergic drug interactions, 12:155
TAC solution or gel, 22:267-269, 268t

Codeine

for pain management, 5:60-61
starting dose, 5:61t

Colitis

diversion, Geriatric 1:9
ischemic, Geriatric 1:6-7
ulcerative, Geriatric 1:9

Collateral ligaments, 23:276, 277f, 24:290f

Colloids, Trauma 3:6

Colonic diverticulosis, Geriatric 1:4-5

Colonic polyps, Geriatric 1:9

Colonic varices, Geriatric 1:9

Colonoscopy, Geriatric 1:10

Colorectal carcinoma, Geriatric 1:6

Communication with staff, 12:158

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)

antibiotic therapy for
consensus guidelines for, 10:138-139
empiric, 10:136-138
selection for hospitalized patients, 9:116-117, 10:129-142
antimicrobial therapy for, 9:119-120, 10:129-142
empiric, 9:112t, 113t, 10:137t
guidelines for, 9:112t, 113t, 10:139t
ASCAP 2002 Consensus Report Panel and Scientific Roundtable, 9:111
ASCAP treatment guidelines for, 10:131-133
combination therapy for, 9:123, 10:131-133
critical pathways and protocols for, 10:132
diagnosis of, 9:111-115
empiric therapy for, 9:114t, 10:140t
epidemiology of, 9:111-115
evaluation of, 9:111-115
in-hospital management of, 9:115-116, 10:131-133
guidelines for, 9:109-122, 10:137t, 139t
initial stabilization and adjunctive measures for, 9:113-115
outcome-effective strategies for, 9:109-122
outcome-optimizing regimens for, 9:121-122
outpatient management of, 9:115-116
ASCAP consensus panel recommendations for, 10:130-131
guidelines for, 10:137t, 139t
pathogens in, 10:138
patient disposition in, 9:115
patient management recommendations, 10:130-131
prevention of DVT in, 10:139-142
prognostic scoring for, 9:115-116
signs and symptoms of, 9:113
treatment guidelines for, 9:120-121

Compartment syndrome, 25:310

Computed tomography. See CT scans

Confidentiality, 537Z:7-8

Congestive heart failure, 19:227, 228t

DVT prevention in, 7S, 8S, S02101:3t

Conjunctivitis, 13:171

Conscious sedation

definition of, 21:248
sample discharge instructions form, 22:270f

Consent

for emergency treatment, 537Z:4
informed, 537Z:1-3, 3-4
by minors, 537Z:4-5

Constipation, Geriatric 1:9

Consultation

with cardiologist, 19:229
drug information resources, 12:157t
with ophthalmologist, 13:175

Corneal abrasion, 13:167

Corneal foreign bodies, 13:167

Corneal lacerations, 13:169

Coronary syndrome, acute (ACS), 8:101-102

Coumadin, 12:155

Counseling, stress, 11S:1-4

COX-2 inhibitors, 5:58

Coxiella burnetti, 10:138

Crohn’s disease, Geriatric 1:9

Crush wounds, 26:316

Cryotherapy, 6:77t

Crystalloids, Trauma 3:6

CT scans, Geriatric 1:10

helical, 14:169
pediatric, 22:266-267
sedation for, 22:266-267
for venous thromboembolism, 14:169

Cushing’s syndrome, 20:241

Cyanide, 2S:3

Cyanocrylate glues, 13:169

Cyclobenzaprine, 5:62t

Cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibitors and inducers, 11:149t, 150

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, 13:175

Dacrocystitis, 13:170

Damage caps, 536Z:4

Damages, 536Z:3

Danshen, 12:155t

D-dimer test

for pulmonary embolism, 14:170f, 171
for venous thromboembolism, 14:169, 170f, 171

Decontamination, chemical, 2S:2

Deep space infections, 25:307-308, 308f

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT)

diagnostic algorithm for, 14S
differential diagnosis of, 14:166t, 167, 16:193, 194t
patient risk stratification for, 16:194-195, S02101:3-4
pre-test probability for, 14:167, 167t
prophylaxis of in community-acquired pneumonia, 10:139-142
exclusionary criteria for, S02101:6t, 7
guidelines for, 7S, 8S
in heart failure, S02101:1-7
heparins for, 15:177-178
indications for, S02101:2, 3t
MEDENOX trial, 10:141-142, 16:195-197, S02101:4-5
national guidelines for, 16:191-200
pharmacoeconomic issues and analysis, S02101:6-7
PRIME study group, 16:197-199, S02101:5-6
PRINCE study, 16:197, S02101:5
risk factors for hospitalized patients, S02101:1, 3t
SOS (Sick, Old, Surgery) DVT QuickSCREEN^®, 16:193
treatment of, 15:175-186
heparins for, 15:177-178
hospital vs. outpatient therapy, 15:179-181

Demerol. See Meperidine

Depression, 20:243

Dermabond, 26:321

Development, 6:73t

Dexamethasone, Geriatric 2:9t

Dextromethorphan, 12:155

Diabetic retinopathy, 13:175

Diarrhea, infectious, Geriatric 1:9

Diazepam, 5:62t

for procedural sedation, 21:252
for sedation for pediatric CT and MRI scans, 22:267

Didanosine, 538Z:6t

Digoxin, 19:223

for brady-tachy syndrome, 19:227, 228t
CCB interactions, 12:154-155, 156t
for CHF/LV dysfunction, 19:227, 228t
drug interactions, 12:155
for heart failure, 8:98-99
NSAID interactions, 12:155
for rate control in AF, 19:220, 222t
for SVT, 4:49, 4S

Diltiazem

CCB interactions, 12:155
for rate control in AF, 19:220, 222t
for SVT, 4:49, 4S

Diphenhydramine, 26:318

drug interactions, 11:150
for medication-induced nausea and vomiting, 5:59

DIP joint dislocations, 24:291

Diprivan. See Propofol

Discharge instructions/prescriptions, 12:158-159

minimal criteria for early discharge, 15:182
post-sedation and analgesia discharge criteria, 22:269, 269t
for procedural sedation, 22:269-270
sample discharge instructions form for conscious sedation, 22:270f

Dislocations

DIP joint, 24:291
of hand bones, 24:290-291
lens, 13:170
MP joint, 24:292
PIP joint, 24:291, 291f

Disopyramide

for cardioversion, 19:222, 223t, 225
for neurogenic AF, 19:227, 228t
for sinus rhythm maintenance, 19:226

Dissent, 537Z:4

Dissociative agents, 21:254t

Dissociative sedation, 21:248

Distal phalanx fractures, 24:287-288

Distal tuft fracture, 24:289t

Disulfiram, 12:155t

Diuretics, 8:97, 98t, 99

Diversion colitis, Geriatric 1:9

Dobutamine, 8:102t, 103-104

Dofetilide

for cardioversion, 19:223t, 224-225
for CHF/LV dysfunction, 19:227, 228t
for ischemic heart disease/MI, 19:227, 228t
for rate control, 19:220
for sinus rhythm maintenance, 19:226

Dog bites, 26:325, 325t

Domestic violence, 535Z:1-5

Dong quai, 12:155t

Dopamine, 8:102-103, 102t

Doppler probe, 2:22, 22f

Dorsal slit procedure, 3:32, 32f

Doxycycline

for acute epididymitis, 2:24
for CAP, 9:113t, 114t, 10:139t, 140t
for chlamydia, 1:10t, 6:77t
for conjunctivitis, 13:171
for gonorrhea, 1:10t, 6:77t
for urethritis, 3:37

Dressings, 26:322-323

Droperidol (Inapsine), 21:255t, 258

Drug information resources, 12:157t

Drug interactions, 11:150, 12:155

Drug prescriptions, 12:158-159

Drugs. See also Over-the-counter (OTC) medications; specific drugs

of abuse (DOA), 20:238-239
anthrax, 6S:3
anxiolytic, 21:248
for cardioversion, 19:222-223, 223t, 224-225
high-risk, 12:153-155, 155t
hypnotic, 21:248
initial dosing, 12:158
neuropsychiatric side effects of, 20:238-239, 239t
P450 enzyme inhibitors and inducers, 11:149t, 150
serotonergic, 12:155
with similar appearance, 11:147-148, 148t
with similar names, 11:147-148, 148t
for VTE, 16:192-193

Drug screens, 12:157

Duty, 536Z:2-3

DVT. See Deep venous thrombosis

Early discharge criteria, 15:182

Echocardiography

in AF, 18:216
in heart failure, 7:90
for venous thromboembolism, 14:169

Ectopic pregnancy, 1:4-5

delayed or missed diagnosis of, 1:5t
risk factors for, 1:4t

Education

anticoagulation therapy, 15:180-181
intimate partner violence, 535Z:4
polypharmacy self-education, 12:156-157

Efavirenz, 538Z:6t

Eikenella corrodens, 25:309, 26:324

Elderly

adverse drug effects in, 11:147, 147t
CAP in, 9:112t
DVT prophylaxis in, S02101:3t
hyperthyroidism in, Geriatric 2:1-10, 10t
hypothyroidism in, Geriatric 2:1-10
initial trauma management in, Trauma 3:9-10
lower GI bleeding in, Geriatric 1:1-11, 2t
pain control in, 5:65-66
polypharmacy in, 11:145-150, 12:153-159
vulnerability to polypharmacy, 11:147-148

Electrical cardioversion

considerations for, 19:223-224
pharmacologically augmented, 19:224

Electrocardiography, 7:88

findings in AF, 18:215-216, 216t, 217f
with venous thromboembolism, 14:168

Electrolytes, 20:239-241, 239t

Embolism, pulmonary

diagnosis of, 14:171
diagnostic algorithm for, 14S
differential diagnosis of, 14:166t, 167
pre-test probability for, 14:167, 167t

EMLA (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics) cream, 22:267, 268t

Enalapril, 8:96t

Endocardial radiofrequency catheter ablation, 19:228

Endocarditis, bacterial, 20:241-242

Endocrinology, 20:239-241, 239t

Endometriosis, 1:12-13

Endophthalmitis, 13:172

Enoxaparin

for DVT prophylaxis, 10:141-142, 16:193, 195f, S02101:3t, 5-6, 6-7
PRIME study group, 16:197-199, S02101:5-6
PRINCE study, 16:197, S02101:5
for VTE prevention, 16:197t, 199

Enterobacter

in animal bites, 26:324
in prostatitis, 3:35

Enterococcus

in cholecystitis/cholangitis, 17:205t
in UTI and pyelonephritis, 1:10

Enzathine penicillin, 6:77t

Epididymis, appendix, torsion of, 2:24-25

Epididymitis, acute, 2:20t, 23-24

Epidural catheters, 5:64

Epinephrine

bupivacaine with, 26:318t
LET solution or gel, 22:268t, 269
lidocaine with, 26:318t
procaine with, 26:318t

Episcleritis, 13:172

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Geriatric 2:2

Erythromycin

for CAP, 9:112t, 113t, 114t, 10:139, 139t, 140t
for cervicitis, 1:10t
for chlamydia, 6:77t
daily cost, 9:117t
digoxin interactions, 12:155
ophthalmic ointment, 13:168t
warfarin interactions, 12:154, 155t

Escherichia coli

in acute epididymitis, 2:24
antimicrobial therapy for, 9:120
in cholecystitis/cholangitis, 17:205, 205t
in Fournier’s gangrene, 3:34
in gallbladder disease, 17:207
monotherapy vs. combination therapy for, 10:132
in PID, 1:9
in prostatitis, 3:35
in UTI and pyelonephritis, 1:10

Esmolol

for rate control in AF, 19:220, 222t
for SVT, 4:49, 4S
or thyroid storm, Geriatric 2:9, 9t

Ethacrynic acid, 8:98t

Ethical issues, 537Z:1-9

Ethicon, 26:321

Etodolac, 5:57, 57t

Etomidate

for adult sedation and analgesia, 21:253t
cost of, 21:258t
for procedural sedation, 21:250-251

Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) cream, 22:267, 268t

Evidence collection, 6:74-75

Exercise-induced AF, 19:227-228, 228t

Experts, qualification of, 536Z:3-4

Extensor tendons, 23:277

injuries of, 24:292t, 293-294
insertions in finger, 23:277, 280f
zones of, 23:276, 278f, 24:293, 293f

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, 17:209

Eye

examination of, 13:163-166
gross anatomy of, 13:163, 165f
red, 13:171-173

Eye injuries

non-traumatic, 13:170-171
traumatic, 13:166-170

Eyelid lacerations, 13:167

Facial fractures, 13:166-167

Famciclovir, 6:77t

Fasting, 21:258-259, 259t

"Fast Track" drugs, 11:148

Fear of anthrax, 12S:1-3

Felon, 25:304-305, 306f

Fenoprofen, 5:58

Fentanyl (Sublimaze)

for adult sedation and analgesia, 21:253t
cost of, 21:258t
for pain management, 5:62
for pediatric sedation and analgesia, 21:255t
for procedural sedation, 21:252-257

Fever (and a chill), 20:241-242

Fibroids, uterine, 1:13

Fight bites, 25:305t, 309, 26:324

Fingers

collateral ligaments surrounding joints of, 23:276, 277f
extensor tendon insertions in, 23:277, 280f
flexor digitorum profundus tendon insertions in, 23:276-277, 279f
flexor digitorum superficialis tendon insertions in, 23:276-277, 279f

Fingertip amputations, 24:297, 297f, 298f

Flecainide

for cardioversion, 19:222, 223, 223t, 225
for left ventricular hypertrophy, 19:227, 228t
for neurogenic AF, 19:227, 228t
for rate control, 19:220
for sinus rhythm maintenance, 19:226

Flexor digitorum profundus tendon, 23:276-277, 279f

Flexor digitorum superficialis tendon, 23:276-277, 279f

Flexor tendons, 23:276-277

injuries of, 24:292t, 294-295
pulleys of, 23:277, 279f
sheaths and bursae of, 23:277, 280f, 25:307f
zones of, 23:276, 278f, 24:295, 295f

Flexor tenosynovitis, 25:305

Fluconazole, 12:155t

Fluid resuscitation

delayed, Trauma 3:8
initial phase, Trauma 3:1-10

Flumazenil (Mazicon), 21:257-258

for reversal of adult sedation, 21:254t
for reversal of pediatric sedation, 21:256t

Fluoroquinolones

for CAP, 9:113t, 114t, 10:132, 138, 139, 139t, 140t
extended spectrum, 10:133-136
and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), 10:135
over-extended spectrum of coverage, 10:134-135
for pyelonephritis, 1:11
resistance to, 9:117-118, 10:134-135
selective use of, 10:135-136
for urethritis, 3:37

Fluoxetine, 12:155

Flurbiprofen, 5:56t

Foley catheter

non-deflating, 3:37
placement of, 3:36, 36f

Foreign bodies

corneal, 13:167
in hand, 25:311
intraocular, 13:169
urethral, 3:37
in wounds, 26:318

Forensics

bioterrorism, 9S:4
specialized techniques for sexual abuse, 6:72-73

Forrester classification, 7:85, 85t

Fosphenytoin, 5:63

Fossa navicularis, 6:73

Fournier’s gangrene, 3:33-34

Fractures

of acetabulum, Trauma 4:9-10
Bennett’s, 24:289t
of distal phalanx, 24:287-288
distal tuft, 24:289t
facial, 13:166-167
of hand, 24:287-290, 289t
metacarpal (digits 2-5), 24:289-290, 289t
pelvic, Trauma 4:1-10
penile, 3:34
proximal and middle phalanx, 24:288-289, 289t
Rolando’s, 24:289t
terminology for, 24:289t
thumb, 24:289t, 290

Francisella tularensis, 10:138

Furosemide

for acute heart failure, 8:98t
for acute pulmonary edema, 8:95

Gabapentin, 5:63

Gallbladder disease

clinical manifestations of, 17:205, 206t
evaluation of, 17:206, 207t

Gamekeeper’s thumb, 24:292

Gangrene, Fournier’s, 3:33-34

Gardnerella vaginalis, 1:9

Garlic, 12:155t

Gastric vascular anomalies, Geriatric 1:10

Gastrointestinal bleeding

lower, in elderly, Geriatric 1:1-11, 2t
acute, Geriatric 1:5f, 6t
causes of, Geriatric 1:4-10, 4t
sources of, Geriatric 1:7t
upper, in elderly
acute, Geriatric 1:5f
sites of, Geriatric 1:8

Gastrointestinal function, 11:149

Gatifloxacin, 10:134

for CAP, 9:112t, 113t, 114t, 10:137t, 139t, 140t

Genitalia, male, 6:73t

Gentamicin

for acute bacterial prostatitis, 3:35
for acute cholangitis, 17:207, 208t, 209
ophthalmic ointment, 13:168t
ophthalmic solution, 13:168t

Geriatric patients. See Elderly

Giant cell arteritis, 13:175

Ginkgo biloba, 12:155t

Glaucoma, 13:172-173

Globe luxation, 13:170

Globe rupture, 13:169

Glucocorticoids, Geriatric 2:9, 9t

Glues, cyanocrylate, 13:169

Glycopyrrolate, 17:208

GnRH analogs, 1:13

Gonorrhea. See Neisseria gonorrhea

Guanethidine, Geriatric 2:9

Haemophilus influenzae

advanced generation macrolides for, 9:122
antimicrobial therapy for, 9:119, 120
combination therapy for, 9:123, 10:132
empiric antibiotic coverage for, 10:136
outpatient management of, 10:130, 131
in PID, 1:9
in pneumonia, 10:136, 138

Haldol. See Haloperidol

Haloperidol (Haldol), 21:255t, 258

Hand

acute, 23:275-283, 24:287-299, 25:303-311
amputated, replantation of, 24:296, 298t
anatomy of, 23:276-279
cleaning, 23:282
dislocations of, 24:290-291
fractures of, 24:287-290, 289t
human bites to, 26:325t
intrinsic muscles of, 23:277
mangled, 24:298-299
tendon injuries, 24:292-295
traumatic amputations of, 24:296-297
trauma to, 24:287-290

Hand cellulitis, 25:306

Hand infections, 25:303-308

danger signs, 25:303, 305t
deep space, 25:307-308, 308f
mimics, 25:303-304

Hand injuries

bites, 25:309-310
high-pressure injection injuries, 25:310-311
neurovascular, 24:295-296

Hand problems, 25:309-311

foreign bodies, 25:311
pediatric, 25:308-309

Head injury, closed, Trauma 3:9

Heart

in hypothyroidism, Geriatric 2:3
in thyrotoxicosis, Geriatric 2:7

Heart failure

ACC/AHA classification of, 7:89t
acute
diuretics for, 8:98t, 99
inotropic therapy for, 8:102, 103t
anticoagulation for, 8:104
chronic systolic
ACEIs/ARBs for, 8:96-97, 97t
beta-blockers for, 8:97-98, 97t
clinical pathophysiology of, 7:84-85
clinical presentation of, 7:83
congestive, 19:227, 228t
decompensated, 7:86-87, 8:105
acute, 7:81-91, 86f, 8:93-105
causes of, 7:87t
diagnosis of, 7:87
management strategies for, 8:95-96
precipitants of, 7:88t
definitions and categories of, 7:83-84
diagnosis of, 7:87t, 88
diastolic, 7:83t, 84
differential diagnosis of, 7:87-88, 90t
DVT prevention in, 7S, 8S
ECG, 7:88
etiologies of, 7:84, 84t
Forrester classification of, 7:85, 85t
history, 7:88
indications for admission to cardiac ICU, 8:105t
initial stabilization measures, 8:93-95
inpatient therapy for, 8:104
laboratory evaluation of, 7:88-89
management strategies for, 8:95-96
NYHA classification of, 7:88t
outpatient therapy for, 8:104
parameters of, 7:91t
patient disposition in, 8:105
pharmacotherapeutic strategies for, 8:96-100
physical examination of, 7:88
portable CXR findings in, 7:91t
prevention of DVT in, S02101:1-7
prevention of VTE in, S02101:7
radiographic modalities in, 7:90-91
systolic vs. diastolic, 7:83-84
therapeutic approaches to be avoided in, 8:104-105
vasodilators for, 8:100, 100t
without signs of shock, 8:96

Helical computerized tomography, 14:169

Hemodynamic status, 7:87t

Hemorrhage

physiology of, Trauma 3:5-6
retrobulbar, 13:170
subconjunctival, 13:167
vitreous, 13:173

Heparin

for AF, 19:222
for DVT, 15:177-178
low-molecular-weight (LMWH)
indications for, 15:177-178
interchangeability of, 15:184-185
for VTE prophylaxis, 15:182-183, 16:199-200, S02101:7
mechanism of action, 15:177
pharmacokinetics, 15:177
side effects of, 15:184
structure of, 15:177
unfractionated (UFH)
for DVT prophylaxis, S02101:6-7
limitations of, 15:181, 182t, 16:193, 194t
for VTE prevention, 15:181-182, 16:197t, 199
weight-based dosing of, 15:181, 181t

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 15:183-184

Hepatic function, 11:149

Hepatitis B, 6:77t

Hepatitis B immune globulin, 6:77t

Herpes simplex virus, 6:77t

High-pressure injection injuries, 25:310-311

High-risk patients

medical malpractice and, 536Z:1-7
presentations, 536Z:5-7

HIV infection, 538Z:1-6

epidemiology of, 538Z:1
mucocutaneous exposure to, 538Z:5, 5t
percutaneous exposure to, 538Z:5, 5t
post-exposure evaluation and management of, 538Z:4-6
post-exposure prophylaxis of, 538Z:6, 6t
primary, 538Z:3
prophylaxis of, 6:77t, 538Z:6, 6t
resources, 538Z:7t
risk factors after occupational percutaneous exposure, 538Z:2, 3t
risk per exposure period, 538Z:2, 2t
transmission of, 538Z:1-3
treatment of, 6:77t

Hordeolum, 13:170-171

Hormonal therapy, 1:13

Hospital-based management

anticoagulation, 8:104
of CAP, 9:113t, 114t, 115-116, 10:131-133, 140t
antibiotic selection for, 9:116-117
antimicrobial treatment guidelines for, 10:129-142
combination therapy for, 9:123
guidelines for, 9:109-122, 10:137t, 139t
of DVT, 15:179-181
DVT prevention in, S02101:6-7
DVT risk factors for, S02101:1, 3t
of human bites to hand, 26:325t

Human bites, 25:309-310, 26:324, 325t

Human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV), 26:325

Human papilloma virus, 6:77t

Human tetanus immunoglobulin (HTIG), 26:323

Huntington’s disease, 20:243

Hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), 8:102

Hydrocele/varicocele, acute, 2:25

Hydrocortisone, Geriatric 2:9t

Hydromorphone

for pain management, 5:62
starting dose, 5:61t

Hydroxyzine, 5:59

Hymen, 6:73

Hypercalcemia, 20:240

Hypercortisolemia, 20:241

Hypertensive retinopathy, 13:175

Hyperthermia, 20:242

Hyperthyroidism, 20:240-241, Geriatric 2:5-10

in elderly, Geriatric 2:1-10, 10t
laboratory testing in, Geriatric 2:7
physical findings in, Geriatric 2:6-7
signs and symptoms of, Geriatric 2:7t

Hypertonic saline, Trauma 3:8

Hyphema, 13:169-170

Hypnotic drugs, 21:248

Hypokalemia, 20:240

Hypotension, 8:101t

Hypothermia, 20:242

Hypothyroid crisis, Geriatric 2:3-4, 4t

Hypothyroidism, 20:240, Geriatric 2:2-5

admission criteria for, Geriatric 2:5, 5t
diagnosis of, Geriatric 2:2
in elderly, Geriatric 2:1-10
heart in, Geriatric 2:3
laboratory testing for, Geriatric 2:3, 4
physical examination in, Geriatric 2:2-3
signs and symptoms of, Geriatric 2:2, 3t

Ibuprofen, 5:56t

for pain management, 5:58

Ibutilide

for cardioversion, 19:223, 223t, 224
for rate control, 19:220
for SVT, 4S

IDSA. See Infectious Disease Society of America

Imipenem

for acute cholangitis, 17:208t
for CAP, 9:112t, 113t, 119, 10:137t, 139t

Imiquimod, 6:77t

Implanted analgesia devices, 5:64

Inappropriate care requests, 537Z:6

Inapsine. See Droperidol

Indinavir, 538Z:6t

Indomethacin, 5:57

for pain management, 5:57t

Infants, 2:24. See also Pediatric patients

Infection

animal bite wounds with increased risk for, 26:325t
deep space, 25:307-308
DVT prophylaxis in, S02101:3t
hand, 25:303-308
HIV, 538Z:1-6
urinary tract, in women, 1:10-11

Infection control, 12S:3-4

Infectious diarrhea, Geriatric 1:9

Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA), guidelines for antimicrobial therapy of CAP, 9:113t, 10:138

Inflammatory bowel disease, idiopathic, Geriatric 1:8-9

Informed consent, 537Z:1-3, 3-4

Injury

avulsion, to pelvis, Trauma 4:8-9
bite, 25:309-310
clenched-fist, 26:324
closed head, Trauma 3:9
deep tissue, of hand, 25:303-311
extensor tendon, 24:292t, 293-294
eye, non-traumatic, 13:170-171
eye, traumatic, 13:166-170
flexor tendon, 24:292t, 294-295
high-pressure injection, 25:310-311
missed orthopedic, 536Z:6-7
neurovascular hand, 24:295-296
with pelvic fracture, Trauma 4:6, 6t
spinal cord, Trauma 3:9
tendon, 24:292-293, 292t
zipper injuries, 3:33

Inotropic therapy, 8:102-105, 103t

Inpatient therapy. See Hospital-based management

Intensive care unit, treatment of CAP in, 9:113t, 114t, 10:139t, 140t

Internet drug information resources, 12:157t

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia, 13:175

Intimate partner violence, 535Z:1-5

ED protocol for, 535Z:4, 4t
education, 535Z:4
interventions for, 535Z:3
mandatory reporting of, 535Z:4-5, 5t
presentation to ED, 535Z:2-3
risk factors for, 535Z:1-2
scope of the problem, 535Z:1
screening and assessment of, 535Z:3

Intraocular foreign bodies, 13:169

Intrascrotal appendages, 2:24-25, 24f

Intubated patients, 9:114t, 10:140t

Iodides, Geriatric 2:9t

Iodine, 19:227

Iontophoresis, 22:268t, 269

Iopanoic acid (Telepaque)

for thyroid storm, Geriatric 2:9
for thyrotoxicosis, 19:227

Ipodate (Oragrafin), Geriatric 2:9

Iridodialysis, 13:170

Ischemic colitis, Geriatric 1:6-7

Ischemic heart disease/myocardial infarction, 19:227, 228t

Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), 8:102

Itraconazole, 12:155t

Kentucky, 535Z:5t

Keratitis, bacterial, 13:171-172

Ketalar. See Ketamine

Ketamine (Ketalar)

contraindications to, 21:250, 251t
cost of, 21:258t
for dissociation, 21:254t
for procedural sedation, 21:250
for sedation of ventilated patients, 22:266

Ketoconazole, 12:155t

Ketoprofen, 5:56t

for pain management, 5:58

Ketorolac, 5:57t

for pain management, 5:58

Kidney stones, 1:11-12

Klebsiella

in acute epididymitis, 2:24
antimicrobial therapy for, 9:120
in CAP, 10:138
in cholecystitis/cholangitis, 17:205t
in gallbladder disease, 17:207
monotherapy vs. combination therapy for, 10:132
in prostatitis, 3:35
in UTI and pyelonephritis, 1:10

Labeled RBCs, Geriatric 1:10

Labial separation, 6:72, 74f

Labial traction, 6:72, 74f

Labia majora, 6:73

Labia minora, 6:73

Lacerations, 26:316

corneal, 13:169
eyelid, 13:167

Lamivudine, 538Z:6t

Langer’s lines, 26:317, 317f

Laser, 6:77t

Laws addressing mandatory reporting of intimate partner violence, 535Z:5t

Lawsuits, 536Z:4-5

Left atrial appendage flow, 18:214-215

Left ventricular dysfunction, 19:227, 228t

Left ventricular hypertrophy, 19:227, 228t

Legal issues, 536Z:1-2

considerations for adverse drug effects, 12:156
lawsuits, 536Z:4-5
mandatory reporting of intimate partner violence, 535Z:4-5, 5t
medical malpractice, 536Z:1-7
in pediatric sexual abuse, 6:76

Legionella

antimicrobial therapy for, 9:119, 120
in CAP, 10:136, 138

Legionella pneumophila

combination therapy for, 9:123, 10:132
outpatient management of, 10:130, 131

Lens dislocation/subluxation, 13:170

LET (lidocaine, epinephrine, tetracaine) solution or gel, 22:268t, 269

Levofloxacin, 10:134

for CAP, 9:112t, 113t, 114t, 10:132, 133, 137t, 139t, 140t
daily cost, 9:117t
resistance to, 10:134

Levorphanol, 5:61t

Lewisite, 2S:3

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

EMLA cream, 22:267, 268t
with epinephrine, 26:318t

LET solution or gel, 22:268t, 269

for pain management, 5:63-64
for priapism, 3:30
topical, 5:63-64
for wound management, 26:318-319, 318t

Limbic encephalitis, 20:243

Lisinopril, 8:96t

Lithium

NSAID interactions, 12:155
for thyroid storm, Geriatric 2:9, 9t
for thyrotoxicosis, 19:227

LMWH. See Heparin, low-molecular-weight

Local anesthetics, 26:318, 318t

Lorazepam (Ativan)

for adult sedation and analgesia, 21:253t
for procedural sedation, 21:252
for sedation of ventilated patients, 22:266

Losartan, 8:96t

Lower GI bleeding, Geriatric 1:1-11, 2t

acute
final diagnosis in, Geriatric 1:6t
stratification of patients presenting with, Geriatric 1:5f
causes of, Geriatric 1:4-10, 4t
diagnostics, Geriatric 1:10

Lugol’s iodine

for thyroid storm, Geriatric 2:9, 9t
for thyrotoxicosis, 19:227

Luxation, globe, 13:170

Lyme disease, 20:242

Macrolides

advanced generation, 9:122-123
for CAP, 9:113t, 114t, 10:131-132, 132, 137t, 138, 139, 139t, 140t

Male patients

genital development, 6:73t
urologic emergencies, 2:17-26, 3:29-38
urologic examination, 2:18-19

Mallet finger deformity, 24:293-294, 293f

Malpractice, medical, 536Z:1-7

Mandatory reporting of intimate partner violence, 535Z:4-5, 5t

Mangled hand, 24:298-299

Manual detorsion of testicular torsion, 2:23, 23f

Manual reduction of paraphimosis, 3:32-33, 33f

Marcaine. See Bupivacaine

Maze procedure, 19:228

Mazicon. See Flumazenil

Meckels’ diverticulum, Geriatric 1:10

MEDENOX trial, 10:141-142, 16:195, S02101:4-5

results, 16:197, S02101:5
study design, 16:195-197, S02101:4-5

Medical malpractice, 536Z:1-7

common law, 536Z:2-3
relevant statutes, 536Z:3-4

Medical practice skills, 536Z:4-5

Medications. See Drugs; Over-the-counter (OTC) medications

Meningitis, 20:241-242, 536Z:7

Meperidine (Demerol), 17:208

for adult sedation and analgesia, 21:253t
for biliary disorders, 17:208
for pain management, 5:61
for procedural sedation, 21:249, 252
serotonergic drug interactions, 12:155
starting dose, 5:61t

Mesenteric vascular insufficiency, Geriatric 1:7-8

Metacarpal fractures (digits 2-5), 24:289-290, 289t

Metaxalone, 5:62t

Methadone, 5:61, 61t

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 10:135

Methimazole

for thyroid storm, Geriatric 2:9, 9t
for thyrotoxicosis, 19:227

Methocarbamol, 5:62t

Methohexital (Brevital)

for adult sedation and analgesia, 21:253t
cost of, 21:258t
for pediatric sedation and analgesia, 21:255t
for procedural sedation, 21:252

Methotrexate, 1:5

Metoclopramide, 5:59

Metolazone, 8:98t

Metoprolol

for chronic systolic heart failure, 8:97t
for rate control in AF, 19:220, 222t

Metronidazole

for acute cholangitis, 17:207, 208t
for bacterial vaginosis, 6:77t
for CAP, 9:112t, 113t, 119-120, 10:137t, 139t
for trichomonas, 6:77t
warfarin interactions, 12:154, 155t

Midazolam (Versed)

for adult sedation and analgesia, 21:253t
cost of, 21:258t
for pediatric sedation and analgesia, 21:255t, 22:267
for procedural sedation, 21:252, 257
for sedation of ventilated patients, 22:266

Middle phalanx fractures, 24:288-289, 289t

Milrinone, 8:102t, 104

Minors, consent by, 537Z:4-5

Mirfentanil, 21:257

Mississippi, 535Z:5t

Modified Ramsay Score, 22:265

for procedural sedation, 22:267t

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, 12:155

Monobactam, 9:119

Moraxella catarrhalis

antimicrobial therapy for, 9:120
in CAP, 10:138
combination therapy for, 9:123, 10:132
empiric antibiotic coverage for, 10:136
outpatient management of, 10:130, 131
in pneumonia, 10:136

Morphine

for adult sedation and analgesia, 21:253t
cost of, 21:258t
for heart failure, 8:102
for pain management, 5:60
for procedural sedation, 21:252
starting dose, 5:61t

Motor function evaluation, acute hand, 23:282

Moxifloxacin, 10:133-134

for CAP, 9:112t, 113t, 114t, 10:137t, 139t, 140t

MP joint dislocations, 24:292

MRI scans

lower GI, Geriatric 1:10
pediatric, 22:266-267

Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT), 4:43, 43f, 47t

Muscle relaxants, 11:150

Muscles, intrinsic hand, 23:277

Mustard (HD), 2S:3

Mycoplasma

antimicrobial therapy for, 9:119, 120
in PID, 1:9

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

in CAP, 10:136, 138, 139t
combination therapy for, 9:123, 10:132
empiric antibiotic coverage for, 10:136
outpatient management of, 10:130, 131

Myocardial decompensation, acute, 7:81-91

Myocardial infarction, 19:227, 228t

Myocardial injury, 7:84-85

Myxedema coma, Geriatric 2:3

clinical features of, Geriatric 2:4, 4t
precipitating events for, Geriatric 2:3-4, 4t
treatment of, Geriatric 2:4-5, 5t

Nabumetone, 5:57-58

for pain management, 5:57t

Nalbuphine, 5:61t

Nalmefene, 21:257

Naloxone (Narcan), 21:257

cost of, 21:258t
for reversal of adult sedation, 21:254t
or reversal of pediatric sedation, 21:256t

Naltrexone, 21:257

Naprosyn, 5:58

Naproxen, 5:58

Narcan. See Naloxone

National Committee on Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) year 2002 breakpoints, 9:118-119

outcome-effective strategies based on, 10:129-142

Natriuretic peptides

in AF, 18:214
B-type, 7:89-90

Nausea and vomiting, medication-induced, 5:59

NCCLS. See National Committee on Clinical Laboratory Standards

Necrotizing fasciitis, 25:306-307

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

in acute epididymitis, 2:24
prophylaxis of, 6:77t
treatment of, 1:10t, 6:77t
in urethritis, 3:37

Neisseria meningitidis, 10:138

Nelfinavir, 538Z:6t

Nerve agents, 2S:3

Nerves, hand, 23:278-279

Nesiritide, 8:100-101, 100t, 101t

Neurogenic AF, 19:227

Neuroleptic agents, 21:258

Neurological evaluation, of acute hand, 23:281-282

Neuroophthalmology, 13:174-175

Neurovascular injuries, to hand, 24:295-296

New Hampshire, 535Z:5t

New Mexico, 535Z:5t

New York Heart Association class, 7:88t

Nitrate therapy, 8:101t

Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid), 1:10-11

Nitroglycerin (NTG)

for acute pulmonary edema, 8:95
for heart failure, 8:100, 100t
with lower GI bleeding, Geriatric 1:10

Nitroprusside, 8:100, 100t

Nitrous oxide, 21:249-250

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

contraindications to, 8:104-105
drug interactions, 12:155
for ectopic pregnancy, 1:5
for pain management, 5:55-58, 56t-57t
for uterine fibroids, 1:13
warfarin interactions, 12:154, 155t

Normeperidine, 5:61

Novocaine. See Procaine

NPO status, for children, 22:263-264, 264t

NSAIDs. See Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

NTG. See Nitroglycerin

Nursing homes, CAP in, 9:112t

Nursing issues in VTE prophylaxis, 16:199-200

Obesity, 15:184

Occupational percutaneous exposure to HIV, 538Z:2

Octylcyanoacrylate (Dermabond, Ethicon), 26:321

Ocular burns/chemical exposure, 13:168-169, 170t

Ocular manifestations of systemic disease, 13:175

Ofloxacin

for acute bacterial prostatitis, 3:35
for acute epididymitis, 2:24
for gonorrhea, 1:10t, 6:77t
ophthalmic solution, 13:168t
for pyelonephritis, 1:11

Ondansetron, 5:59

Ophthalmic antibiotics, 13:168t

Ophthalmologic emergencies, 13:163-175

Ophthalmologists, 13:175

Ophthalmoplegia, internuclear, 13:175

Opioids

analgesics, 17:208
antagonists, 21:257
for pain management, 5:58-62
for procedural sedation, 21:252-257
short-acting, 21:257
starting doses, 5:61t

Optic nerve trauma, 13:170

Optic neuritis, 13:175

Oragrafin. See Ipodate

Oral contraceptives, 1:13

Orbital cellulitis, 13:173

Orbital compartment syndrome, 13:170

Orchitis, 2:25

Orphenadrine, 5:62t

Orthopedic injury, missed, 536Z:6-7

Osteoporosis, heparin-induced, 15:184

Outpatient therapy

anticoagulation, 8:104
for CAP, 9:113t, 114t, 115-116, 10:140t
ASCAP consensus panel recommendations for, 10:130-131
guidelines for, 10:137t, 139t
for DVT, 15:179-181
minimal criteria for, 15:182
minimal criteria for early discharge, 15:183t
pharmacoeconomic considerations for, 15:180
for venous thromboembolism, 15:178-179

Ovarian cysts, 1:12

Ovarian torsion, 1:5, 6, 6f

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications, for pain management, 5:56t-57t

Oxaprozin, 5:56t, 58

Oxycodone, 5:61, 61t

Oxymorphone, 5:61t, 62

Oxyphenbutazone, 5:58

Pain

abdominal
high-risk patients, 536Z:6
right lower quadrant, in women, 1:1-13
acute, 5:64
associated with sources of GI bleeding, Geriatric 1:7t
chest, high-risk patients, 536Z:5-6
chronic, 5:64-65
definition and assessment of, 5:54

Pain management, 5:53-66

adjuvants, 5:62
in children, 5:65
in elderly, 5:65-66
general principles of, 5:65t
NSAIDs for, 5:55, 56t-57t
over-the-counter medications for, 5:56t-57t
relief of pain and suffering, 537Z:8-9
special considerations, 5:64-66

Pain pathway, 5:54-64

Paraphimosis, 3:32-33, 33f

Parents

inappropriate care requests, 537Z:6
permission, 537Z:4
refusal of treatment , overriding, 537Z:5-6

Parkinson’s disease, 20:242

Paronychia

acute, 25:304
technique for, 25:304, 306f

Paroxetine, 12:155

Pasteurella multocida, 25:309, 26:324, 325

Patient education

for anticoagulation therapy, 15:180-181
about intimate partner violence, 535Z:4
polypharmacy self-education, 12:156-157

Pediatric patients

advance directives, 537Z:5
drugs and reversal agents for sedation and analgesia in, 21:255t-266t
ethical issues, 537Z:1-9
hand problems in, 25:308-309
informed consent with, 537Z:3-4
initial trauma management in, Trauma 3:10
sedation of, 22:266-267
sexual abuse of, 6:69-76
definition of the problem, 6:70
evidence collection in, 6:74-75
history and interview, 6:71
legal issues and reporting, 6:76
physical examination findings and classification of, 6:74, 75t
presentation of, 6:70-71
terminology and anatomy of, 6:73-74

Pelvic fractures, adult, Trauma 4:1-10

classification of, Trauma 4:5-6
diagnostic adjuncts, Trauma 4:4
epidemiology of, Trauma 4:1
history, Trauma 4:3-4
physical exam with, Trauma 4:4
radiologic evaluation of, Trauma 4:4-5
resulting in ring disruption, Trauma 4:6-8
single bone and avulsion injuries, Trauma 4:8-9
Tile classification of, Trauma 4:5, 5t
transfer of patients with, Trauma 4:8
Young classification of, Trauma 4:6, 6t, 7f

Pelvic inflammatory disease, 1:9-10

diagnostic criteria for, 1:9t
outpatient treatment of, 1:9, 10t

Pelvis, Trauma 4:2-3

Penicillin

for CAP, 9:119
for conjunctivitis, 13:171

Penile cancer, 3:34

Penile disorders, 3:29-34

Penile fracture, 3:34

Penile tourniquet, 3:33

Penis, 3:31f

Pennsylvania, 535Z:5t

Pentazocine, 5:62

Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

cost of, 21:258t
for pediatric sedation and analgesia, 21:256t, 22:266-267

Peptostreptococcus, 1:9

Periorbital (preseptal)/orbital cellulitis, 13:173

Pharmacodynamics, 11:149-150

Pharmacoeconomics

in outpatient therapy for DVT, 15:180
in VTE prophylaxis, 16:199

Pharmacological cardioversion, 19:222-223, 224

Pharmacologically augmented electrical cardioversion, 19:224

Phenazopyridine, 1:11

Phenelzine, 12:155

Phenergan. See Chlorpromazine

Phenylbutazone, 5:58

Phenylephrine, 3:30

Phenytoin, 5:63

Pheochromocytoma, 20:241

Phimosis, 3:31-32

dorsal slit procedure for, 3:32, 32f
paraphimosis, 3:32-33

Phosgene (CG), 2S:3

Physical status, 21:249, 250t

Physiology, 11:148

Pinguecula/pterygium, 13:170

Piperacillin

for acute cholangitis, 17:208t
for CAP, 9:113t, 10:139t

Piperacillin-tazobactam, 9:113t, 10:139t

PIP joint dislocations, 24:291, 291f

Piroxicam, 5:57t, 58

Plain abdominal films, Geriatric 1:10

Planning for bioterrorism, 12S:4

Plasma, Trauma 3:7

Platelets, Trauma 3:7

Pneumonia, community-acquired (CAP)

antibiotic therapy for
consensus guidelines for, 10:138-139
empiric, 10:136-138
selection for hospitalized patients, 9:116-117, 10:129-142
antimicrobial therapy for, 9:119-120, 10:129-142
empiric, 9:112t, 113t, 10:137t
guidelines for, 9:112t, 113t, 10:139t
ASCAP 2002 Consensus Report Panel and Scientific Roundtable, 9:111
ASCAP 2002 guidelines, 9:112t
combination therapy for, 9:123, 10:131-133
critical pathways and protocols for, 10:132
diagnosis of, 9:111-115
empiric therapy for, 9:114t, 10:140t
epidemiology of, 9:111-115
evaluation of, 9:111-115
in-hospital management of, 9:109-122, 10:131-133, 137t, 139t
initial stabilization and adjunctive measures for, 9:113-115
outcome-effective strategies for, 9:109-122
outcome-optimizing regimens for, 9:121-122
outpatient management of, 9:115-116, 10:130-131
ASCAP consensus panel recommendations for, 10:130-131
guidelines for, 10:137t, 139t
pathogens in, 10:138
patient disposition in, 9:115
patient management recommendations, 10:130-131
prevention of DVT in, 10:139-142
prognostic scoring for, 9:115-116
signs and symptoms of, 9:113
treatment guidelines for, 9:120-121

Podofilox, 6:77t

Podophyllin, 6:77t

Polypharmacy

in elderly, 11:145-150, 12:153-159
etiology of, 11:147
high-risk drugs, 12:153-155, 155t
legal considerations for, 12:156
scope of the problem, 11:146-147
self-education, 12:156-157
strategies to prevent ADEs, 12:157t
vulnerability of elderly to, 11:147-148

Polyps, colonic, Geriatric 1:9

Porphyria, acute intermittent, 20:242

Portable CXR, 7:91t

Potassium iodide, saturated solution of (SSKI)

for thyroid storm, Geriatric 2:9, 9t
for thyrotoxicosis, 19:227

Prazosin, 12:156t

Pregnancy, ectopic, 1:4-5

delayed or missed diagnosis of, 1:5t
risk factors for, 1:4t

Preseptal/orbital cellulitis, 13:173

Priapism, 3:29-31

Prilocaine, 22:267, 268t

PRIME study group, 16:197-199, S02101:5-6

PRINCE study, 16:197, S02101:5

Procainamide

for cardioversion, 19:222, 223, 223t, 225
for post-surgical AF, 19:227, 228t
for rate control in AF, 19:220, 222t
for SVT, 4S
for WPW syndrome, 19:227, 228t

Procaine (Novocaine), 26:318t

Procaine with epinephrine, 26:318t

Prochlorperazine, 5:59

Proctitis, radiation, Geriatric 1:9

Promethazine (Thorazine), 17:208, 21:249

Prone knee-chest position, 6:72, 74f

Propafenone

for cardioversion, 19:222, 223, 223t, 225
for exercise-induced AF, 19:227-228, 228t
for left ventricular hypertrophy, 19:227, 228t
for rate control, 19:220
for sinus rhythm maintenance, 19:226

Propofol (Diprivan)

for adult sedation and analgesia, 21:254t
cost of, 21:258t
for procedural sedation, 21:251
for sedation of ventilated patients, 22:266

Propoxyphene, 5:61-62

Propranolol, Geriatric 2:9, 9t

Propylthiouracil

for thyroid storm, Geriatric 2:9, 9t
for thyrotoxicosis, 19:227

Prostate, 3:34-35

Prostate cancer, 3:35

Prostatitis, 3:34-35

Proteus

monotherapy vs. combination therapy for, 10:132
in prostatitis, 3:35
in UTI and pyelonephritis, 1:10

Proximal and middle phalanx fractures, 24:288-289, 289t

Pseudoephedrine, 3:30

Pseudomonas

in acute epididymitis, 2:24
antibiotic coverage for, 10:136
antimicrobial therapy for, 9:119, 120, 10:137t
in gallbladder disease, 17:207
monotherapy vs. combination therapy for, 10:132
in prostatitis, 3:35
in UTI and pyelonephritis, 1:10

Pseudotumor cerebri, 13:175

Psychiatric complaints

incorrect assumptions and pitfalls, 20:234-235, 235t
medical conditions presenting with, 20:242-243, 242t
organic and medical mimics, 20:233-234, 236-238
ABC mnemonic for, 20:236-238, 237t
clues to help differentiate, 20:235, 236t

Pterygium, 13:170

Pubic hair, 6:73t

Publication resources, 12:157t

Pulmonary agents, 2S:3

Pulmonary angiography, 14:170

Pulmonary aspiration, 21:258-259, 259t

Pulmonary edema, acute, 7:85-86, 8:105

diagnosis of, 7:85-86, 87t
initial therapy for, 8:95, 95t
management strategies for, 8:95

Pulmonary embolectomy, 15:186

Pulmonary embolism

D-dimer test for, 14:170f, 171
diagnosis of, 14:171, 14S
differential diagnosis of, 14:166t, 167
pre-test probability for, 14:167, 167t
prevention of, S02101:1-7
treatment of, 15:175-186

Puncture wounds, 26:316

Pyelonephritis, 1:10-11

Qualification of experts, 536Z:3-4

Quality assurance, 22:270-271, 271f

Quality improvement, 21:258-259

Quinidine

for cardioversion, 19:222, 223t, 225
CCB interactions, 12:156t
digoxin interactions, 12:155
for neurogenic AF, 19:227, 228t

Quinolones, 9:112t, 119, 10:136

Rabies immune globulin (RIG), 26:325

Rabies prophylaxis, 26:325, 325t

RADAR screening, 535Z:3

Radiation proctitis, Geriatric 1:9

Radiofrequency catheter ablation, endocardial, 19:228

Radiography

chest (CXR)
in heart failure, 7:90, 91t
portable, 7:91t
in venous thromboembolism, 14:167-168
cleaning, 23:282-283
of hand, 23:282-283
in heart failure, 7:90-91
of pelvic fracture, Trauma 4:4-5
plain abdominal films, Geriatric 1:10

Ramipril, 8:96t

Ramsey Sedation Scale, 21:258-259, 258t. See also Modified Ramsay Score

Rapifentanil, 21:257

Rectal ulcers, Geriatric 1:9

Red blood cells, labeled, Geriatric 1:10

Red eye, 13:171-173

Refusal of treatment, parental, 537Z:5-6

Relief of pain and suffering, 537Z:8-9

Remifentanil, 21:257

Renal function, 11:149

Renal insufficiency, heparin-induced, 15:184

Reporting adverse drug events, 12:159

Reporting intimate partner violence, 535Z:4-5, 5t

Reporting pediatric sexual abuse, 6:76

Requests for inappropriate care, 537Z:6

Reserpine, Geriatric 2:9, 9t

Resources

for drug information, 12:157t
HIV-related, 538Z:7t

Respiratory failure, S02101:3t

Resuscitation, Trauma 3:2-5

barrier precautions, Trauma 3:5
endpoints of, Trauma 3:8-9
horizontal, Trauma 3:3, 4f
paradigms of, Trauma 3:3
termination of efforts, 537Z:8

Resuscitation fluid, Trauma 3:6-8

Resuscitation physicians, Trauma 3:2-3

Retinal detachments, 13:173

Retinitis, CMV, 13:175

Retinopathy

diabetic, 13:175
hypertensive, 13:175

Retrobulbar hemorrhage, 13:170

Rhode Island, 535Z:5t

RIG. See Rabies immune globulin

Right lower quadrant abdominal pain, in women

algorithmic approach to, 1:1-13
differential diagnosis of, 1:2t, 3f, 4-13

Rights, children’s, 537Z:1-9

Ring disruption, pelvic fractures resulting in, Trauma 4:6-8

Rofecoxib, 5:57t, 58

Rolando’s fractures, 24:289t

RU-486, 1:13

Sacroiliac complex

anatomy of, Trauma 4:2-3
mechanical design of, Trauma 4:2-3, 3f
posterior view of, Trauma 4:2f
sagittal view, Trauma 4:3

Salicylates, 12:155t

Saline, hypertonic, Trauma 3:8

Saline, swab, and Foley catheter techniques for sexual abuse examination, 6:72

Sarin (GB), 2S:3

Scleritis, 13:172

Scopolamine

drug interactions, 11:150
for pain management, 5:59

Screening

for domestic violence, 535Z:3
for VTE, 16:192-193

Scrotal disorders, 2:19-20

Scrotum

acute, 2:19-20, 19t
anatomy of, 2:19, 19f
intrascrotal appendages, 2:24-25, 24f
trauma to, 2:26

Sedation

adult, drugs and reversal agents for, 21:253t-255t
adverse events, 22:269t, 270-271
agents for, 21:248-249, 249-258
complications of, 22:270-271
conscious
definition of, 21:248
sample discharge instructions form, 22:270f
deep, 21:248
dissociative, 21:248
exclusions, 21:249, 251t
fasting recommendations to reduce risk of pulmonary aspiration, 21:258-259, 259t
levels of, 21:248, 249t
monitoring, 22:265-266
for non-painful conditions, 22:266-267
patient assessment for, 21:248, 248t
patient selection for, 22:263-264
pediatric, 22:266
for CT and MRI scans, 22:266-267
drugs and reversal agents for, 21:255t-266t
post-procedure care, 22:269
post-sedation and analgesia discharge criteria, 22:269, 269t
preparation for, 22:264-265, 265t
pre-sedation assessment, 22:264-265
procedural, 21:247-259, 22:263-271
quality assurance, 22:270-271, 271f
quality improvement and monitoring, 21:258-259
Ramsey Scale, 21:258-259, 258t
reversal agents, 21:257
topical agents for, 22:267-269
unconscious, 21:248
for ventilated patients, 22:266
for wound management, 26:318-319

Sedatives, 21:249-258

classification of, 21:248-249
combination of, 21:257
cost of, 21:258t
definition of, 21:248

Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors

for pain management, 5:63
serotonergic drug interactions, 12:155

Self-education, 12:156-157

Sensation, in hand, 23:281-282

Septic arthritis, 25:305-306

Serotonergic drugs, 12:155

Serratia, 3:35

Sertraline, 12:155

Sexual abuse

behavioral indicators of, 6:70, 72t
complaint/exam indicators of, 6:70, 72t
differential diagnosis of, 6:75-76
examination of, 6:71
interview questions, 6:71, 73t
pediatric, 6:69-76
physical examination findings and classification of, 6:74, 75t
physical examination techniques for, 6:72
specialized forensic exam techniques, 6:72-73

Sexually transmitted diseases

prophylaxis of, 6:75, 77t
testing for, 6:75
treatment of, 6:77t

Shock

cardiogenic, 7:85, 8:105
diagnosis of, 7:85
diagnostic criteria for, 7:85t
etiologies of, 7:84, 84t
management strategies for, 8:95
physiology of, Trauma 3:5-6

Sigmoidoscopy, Geriatric 1:10

Sinus node reentrant tachycardia, 4:43, 47t

Sinus rhythm maintenance, 19:225-226

Sinus tachycardia, 4:42-43, 43f, 47t

Skeletal muscle relaxants, 5:62, 62t

Skin-closure tapes, 26:322

Small bowel vascular anomalies, Geriatric 1:10

Small intestinal ulceration, Geriatric 1:10

Smallpox infection control, 12S:3-4

Sodium sulfacetamide ointment, 13:168t

Sodium sulfacetamide solution, 13:168t

Software resources, 12:157t

Soman, 2S:3

SOS (Sick, Old, Surgery) DVT QuickSCREEN®, 16:193

Sotalol

for brady-tachy syndrome, 19:227, 228t
for cardioversion, 19:222, 223t, 225
for exercise-induced AF, 19:227-228, 228t
for ischemic heart disease/MI, 19:227, 228t
for rate control in AF, 19:220, 222t
for sinus rhythm maintenance, 19:226

Spectinomycin, 6:77t

Spinal cord injury, Trauma 3:9

Spironolactone, 8:99-100

Staff communication, 12:158

Stanford (CA) Hospital and Clinics (SHC) & Lucile Packard Children's Hospital (LPCH), 12S:4

Staphylococcus

in acute paronychia, 25:304
in animal bites, 25:309
in cholecystitis/cholangitis, 17:205, 205t
in conjunctivitis, 13:171

Staphylococcus aureus

in CAP, 10:138
combination therapy for, 9:123, 10:132
empiric antimicrobial therapy for, 10:137t
in fight bites, 25:309
methicillin-resistant (MRSA), 10:135

Staphylococcus saprophyticus, 1:10

Staples, 26:321-322

Statutes of limitation, 536Z:3

Stavudine, 538Z:6t

St. John’s wort, 12:155

Streptococcus

in animal bites, 25:309
in cholecystitis/cholangitis, 17:205, 205t
in conjunctivitis, 13:171

Streptococcus faecalis, 3:35

Streptococcus pneumoniae

antibiotic therapy for, 10:136
antimicrobial therapy for, 9:119, 120, 10:137t
in CAP, 10:136, 138, 139t
ceftriaxone vs. cefotaxime for, 9:122-123
combination therapy for, 9:121-122, 123, 10:132
fluoroquinolone resistance in, 9:117-118
outpatient management of, 10:130, 131
year 2002 NCCLS breakpoints, 9:118-119

Streptococcus pyogenes, 10:138

Streptokinase, 15:185, 185t

Stress counseling, 11S:1-4

Stroke

after AF, 18:213
risk factors for, 19:224t
source of, 18:216t

Subconjunctival hemorrhage, 13:167

Sublimaze. See Fentanyl

Subluxation, lens, 13:170

Sudden death, 8:105

Sudden visual loss, 13:173-174

Sufentanil, 21:257

Suffering, relief of, 537Z:8-9

Sulbactam

for acute cholangitis, 17:208t
for CAP, 9:112t, 113t, 10:137t, 139t

Sulfamethoxazole. See Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

Sulindac, 5:57, 57t

Supine frog leg position, 6:72

Supine knee-chest position, 6:72

Supportive services for patients, 12:158

Supraventricular tachycardia, 4:41-50

chronic management of, 4:50
classification of, 4:42, 42t
clinical presentation of, 4:42
hemodynamically stable, 4:46-48
hemodynamically unstable, 4:46
incidence and prevalence of, 4:41-42
management of, 4:46-50
pathophysiology of, 4:42-46
pharmacologic management of, 4:48-49, 4S
summary, 4:47t

Surgical treatment

of paraphimosis, 3:32-33, 33f
post-procedure care, 22:269
post-surgical AF, 19:227, 228t
pre-procedural airway examination, 22:264, 266t
pre-procedural assessment, 22:267t
pre-sedation assessment, 22:264-265
procedural sedation, 21:247-259, 22:263-271

Suture material, 26:322t

Sutures, 26:321t, 322t

Syphilis, 6:77t

Systemic lupus erythematosus, 20:242

T₃, Geriatric 2:1-2

T₄

free, Geriatric 2:1
total, Geriatric 2:1

Tabun (GA), 2S:3

Tachyarrhythmias

atrial, 4:42t
atrioventricular, 4:42t

Tachycardia, 4:42t

TAC (tetracaine/adrenaline/cocaine) solution or gel, 22:267-269, 268t

Tanner staging, 6:73t

Tazobactam

for acute cholangitis, 17:208t
for CAP, 9:112t, 113t, 10:137t, 139t

TCA. See Trichloroacetic acid

Telepaque. See Iopanoic acid

Tendon injuries

care of, 24:292-293, 292t
in hand, 24:292-295

Tenosynovitis, flexor, 25:305

Terbutaline, 3:30

Termination of resuscitation efforts, 537Z:8

Terminology

of fractures, 24:289t
of hand, 23:276

Testicular cancer, 2:26

Testicular torsion, 2:20-23, 21f

differential diagnosis of, 2:20-26, 20t
manual detorsion of, 2:23, 23f

Testis

anatomy of, 2:19, 19f
appendix, torsion of, 2:24-25
arterial signal to, 2:22, 22f
bell-clapper testicle, 2:20-21, 21f

Tetanus, 26:323, 324t

Tetanus-prone wounds, 26:323t

Tetanus toxoid, 26:323, 323t

Tetracaine (Amethocaine)

cream, 22:268t, 269
LET solution or gel, 22:268t, 269
TAC solution or gel, 22:267-269, 268t

Tetracycline

for CAP, 9:114t, 119, 10:140t
for chlamydia prophylaxis, 6:77t
digoxin interactions, 12:155

Thiazides, 12:155

Thiopental

cost of, 21:258t
for procedural sedation, 21:252

Thorazine. See Promethazine

Thrombocytopenia, heparin-induced, 15:183-184

Thromboembolism

burden of, 16:193-194, S02101:2-3
prevention of, 19:226
venous, 7:81-91, 14:163-171, 15:175-186
epidemiology of, 16:192-193
prophylaxis of, 16:191-200
risk factors for, 16:193, 193t

Thrombolytic therapy

agents for, 15:185, 185t
contraindications to, 15:185, 185t
indications for, 15:185, 185t
for VTE, 15:185

Thrombosis

calf vein, 15:186
cavernous sinus, 13:174-175
CLOT analysis, 16:199
deep venous (DVT)
diagnostic algorithm for, 14S
differential diagnosis of, 14:166t, 167
pre-test probability for, 14:167, 167t
prophylaxis of, S02101:1-7

Thumb fractures, 24:289t, 290

Thumb, gamekeeper’s, 24:292

Thyroid disease, Geriatric 2:1-2

Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Geriatric 2:1

Thyroid storm, Geriatric 2:7-8

diagnosis of, Geriatric 2:8
diagnostic criteria for, Geriatric 2:8t
laboratory diagnosis of, Geriatric 2:8-9
precipitants of, Geriatric 2:8t
treatment of, Geriatric 2:9-10, 9t

Thyrotoxicosis, 19:227, 228t

heart in, Geriatric 2:7
signs and symptoms of, Geriatric 2:6

Ticarcillin/clavulanate

for acute cholangitis, 17:208t
for CAP, 9:112t, 10:133, 137t
daily cost, 9:117t

Ticarcillin/tazobacatam, 9:112t, 10:137t

Tissue adhesives, 26:321

contraindications to, 26:320t
indications for, 26:319t
pearls and pitfalls with, 26:320t

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), 15:185, 185t

Tizanidine, 5:62

Tobramycin

for acute bacterial prostatitis, 3:35
ophthalmic ointment, 13:168t
ophthalmic solution, 13:168t

Tokyo, Japan, 2S:2-4

Tolmetin, 5:58

Topical anesthesia, 22:267-269, 268t

Topical antibiotics, 26:322

Tourniquet, penile, 3:33

Tramadol, 5:62

Transfusion triggers, Trauma 3:7

Tranylcypromine, 12:155

Trauma

in elderly, Trauma 3:9-10
eye injuries, 13:166-170
hand, 24:287-290
hand amputations, 24:296-297
initial management phase, Trauma 3:1-10
optic nerve, 13:170
in pediatric patients, Trauma 3:10
scrotal/testicular, 2:26

Trauma Bay, Trauma 3:2

Trauma resuscitation area, Trauma 3:2, 3f, 4f

Trauma resuscitation team, Trauma 3:3-4

Travel, 14:166

Trazadone, 12:155

Treatment regimens, 12:158

Triage after chemical exposures, 2S:2

Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), 6:77t

Trichomonas, 6:77t

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

drug interactions, 11:150
for pain management, 5:62-63

Trimethoprim/polymixin

ointment, 13:168t
solution, 13:168t

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

for acute bacterial prostatitis, 3:35
for UTI, 1:10-11
warfarin interactions, 12:154, 155t

Trovafloxacin, 9:114t, 10:140t

Tunica vaginalis, 2:20-21, 21f

UFH. See Heparin, unfractionated

Ulcerative colitis, Geriatric 1:9

Ulcers

rectal, Geriatric 1:9
small intestinal, Geriatric 1:10

Ultrasound

Doppler, 2:22, 22f
venous, 14:168

Unconscious sedation, 21:248

Upper GI bleeding

acute, Geriatric 1:5f
sites of, Geriatric 1:8

Ureaplasma, 1:9

Urethral disorders, 3:35-37

Urethral forgeign bodies, 3:37

Urethral meatus, 6:74

Urethritis, 3:37

Urinary retention, in male patients, 3:35-36

Urinary tract infection, in women, 1:10-11

Urokinase, 15:185, 185t

Urologic emergencies, in male patients, 2:17-26, 3:29-38

Urologic examination, male, 2:18-19

Ursodiol, 17:209

Uterine fibroids, 1:13

Uveitis, 13:172

Vagina, 6:74

Vaginal vestibule, 6:73

Vaginosis, bacterial, 6:77t

Valacyclovir, 6:77t

Valproic acid, 5:63

Valsartan, 8:96t

Vancomycin, 9:112t, 114t, 10:136, 137t, 140t

Varicocele, acute, 2:25

Vascular anomalies

gastric, Geriatric 1:10
small bowel, Geriatric 1:10

Vasculitis, Geriatric 1:9-10

Vasodilators, 8:100, 100t, 102-105

Venography, 14:169-170

Valsartan, 8:96t

Vancomycin, 9:112t, 114t, 10:136, 137t, 140t

Varicocele, acute, 2:25

Vascular anomalies

gastric, Geriatric 1:10
small bowel, Geriatric 1:9-10

Vasculitis, Geriatric 1:9-10

Vasodilators, 8:100, 100t, 102-105

Venography, 14:169-170

Venous thromboembolism, 7:81-91, 14:163-171, 15:175-186. See also Deep venous thrombosis; Pulmonary embolism

anticoagulation therapy for, 15:181-183
assessment of, 14:167, 170-171
clinical evaluation of, 14:167-168
D-dimer test for, 14:170f, 171
diagnosis of, 14:167-168
invasive studies for, 14:169-170
pitfalls in, 14:171, 171t
systematic approach to, 14:170-171
tests for, 14:168-169
epidemiology of, 16:192-193
in medical patients, 14:165
patient risk stratification for, 16:194-195
pharmacologic strategies for, 16:192-193
prophylaxis of, 8:93-105, 16:194-195, S02101:7
enoxaparin vs. UFH, 16:199
exclusionary criteria for, 16:193, 196f
in hospitalized patients, 16:191-200, 193, 195f, 198f
LMHW strategies for, 16:199-200
nursing issues, 16:200
pathway for, 16:198f
pharmacoeconomic issues, 16:199
risk factors for, 14:165-167, 165t, 16:193, 193t
screening for, 16:192-193
thrombolytic therapy for, 15:185
travel and, 14:166
treatment of, 8:93-105, 15:178-179

Venous ultrasonography, 14:168

Ventilation, 22:266

Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scans, 14:168-169

Ventricular arrhythmias, 8:105

Ventricular rate control, 19:220, 222t

Verapamil

CCB interactions, 12:155
digoxin interactions, 12:155
for rate control in AF, 19:220, 222t
for SVT, 4:49, 4S

Versed. See Midazolam

Violence, intimate partner, 535Z:1-5

Visual acuity, 13:163-164

Visual loss

gradual, 13:175
sudden, 13:173-174

Vitreous hemorrhage, 13:173

Volar plate, 23:276, 277f, 24:290f

VX, 2S:3

Warfarin

for AF, 19:222, 226, 226t
drug interactions, 12:153-154, 155t
for DVT, 15:180-181
for VTE, 15:183

Wilson’s disease, 20:242

Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, 4:46, 49-50, 19:226-227, 228t

Women, right lower quadrant abdominal pain in

algorithmic approach to, 1:1-13
differential diagnosis of, 1:2t, 3f, 4-13

Wound closure

methods of, 26:321-322
secondary or delayed primary, 26:319t
timing of, 26:320

Wound irrigation, 26:319-320

Wound management, 26:315-328

dressings, 26:322-323
evaluation, 26:316-317
post-repair care, 26:322-323
prophylactic antibiotics for, 26:323-324
tetanus prophylaxis, 26:324t

Wound preparation, 26:319

Wounds

animal bite, with increased risk for infection, 26:325t
combination, 26:316
crush, 26:316
epidemiology of, 26:315-316
puncture, 26:316
tetanus-prone, 26:323t

X-rays. See Radiography

Xylocaine. See Lidocaine

Zebras, Geriatric 1:9-10

Zidovudine (AZT), 6:77t, 538Z:6t

Zipper injuries, 3:33

Financial Disclosure Statement

In order to reveal any potential bias in this publication, and in accordance with Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education guidelines, we present the following annual statement of disclosure of the editorial board members of Emergency Medicine Reports.

Paul S. Auerbach, MD; Brooks F. Bock, MD; Kenneth H. Butler, DO; Michael L. Coates, MD; Alasdair K.T. Conn, MD; David A. Kramer, MD; Larry B. Mellick, MD; Paul E. Pepe, MD; Robert Powers, MD; Barry H. Rumack, MD; David Sklar, MD; J. Stephan Stapczynski, MD; Steven M. Winograd, MD; and Allan B. Wolfson, MD, report no relationships with companies related to the field of study covered by this CME program.

Charles L. Emerman, MD
Consultant: Scios, Aventis
Speaker’s bureau: Scios, Pfizer, Roche, Aventis, and Sepracor.
Research: Scios, Aventis, Abbott

Kurt Kleinschmidt, MD
Speaker’s bureau: Aventis.

Charles V. Pollack Jr., MD
Consultant: Aventis, Schering-Plough, Milennium, Ischemia Technologies
Speaker’s bureau: Aventis, Shering-Plough, Milennium, BMS, Sanofi
Research: Aventis

David J. Robinson, MD
Consultant: Centocor
Speaker’s bureau: Centocor, Aventis

Steven G. Rothrock, MD
Stockholder: Gilead Sciences, Medtronic, Pfizer, Merck, Johnson/Johnson.

Sandra M. Schneider, MD
Stockholder: Roche

Corey M. Slovis, MD
Speaker’s bureau, consultant: Merck, Cor-Key, Genentech, and Wyeth-Ayerst.

David A. Talan, MD
Consultant: Bayer
Speaker’s bureau: Pfizer, Bayer, and Ortho-McNeil
Research: Bayer, OrthoMcNeil, Pfizer, Lilly, BMS, Astra-Zeneca
Research: Bristol-Myers, Bayer, and Eli Lilly.

Albert C. Weihl, MD
Consultant: Fugisawa Pharmaceuticals

Gideon Bosker, MD, editor-in-chief, is on the speaker’s bureau for Pfizer, Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, and Parke-Davis. Dr. Bosker also acknowledges that he receives royalties, commissions, and other compensation relating to the sale of textbooks, reprints of articles, and other written materials to the following pharmaceutical companies: Pfizer, Genentech, Aventis, Pharmacia, and Bayer.

William Brady, MD, Frederic H. Kauffman, MD, John A. Schriver, MD, Richard Saluzzo, MD, and Charles E. Stewart, MD, did not return disclosure forms.

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