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Articles Tagged With: leukoencephalopathy

  • A Population-Based Study of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

    In this population-based cohort study of 584 cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), predisposing conditions with the highest risk of PML were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, hematological malignancies, chronic inflammatory disease, solid organ transplantation, solid malignancies, and primary immune deficiency. The one-year mortality rate was 38.2% for all cases of PML. Factors independently associated with higher mortality rate were older age, male gender, and immunosuppressive diseases, such as hematological malignancies, solid neoplasms, and HIV.

  • Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

    Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a rare opportunistic viral infection that occurs in patients who have chronic immunosuppression, has defied all attempts at treatment. This observational study, which pooled patient data from multiple centers around the world, showed that there is some benefit using checkpoint inhibitors to help reconstitute the immune system of these patients. However, survival, at best, is 50% of those treated.

  • Outcomes of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Treated with IL-7

    Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by the reactivation of the JC virus. The authors of this study conducted a multi-centered retrospective observational study on 64 patients with PML who were treated with recombinant human IL-7 (RhIL-7). Overall, the one-year all-cause survival following start of RhIL-7 was 55% and similar among human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, hematological malignancies, and primary immunodeficiencies.

  • TSPO PET Imaging for Monitoring Natalizumab-Associated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

    Authors of a recent study evaluated inflammatory activity in multiple sclerosis patients who developed natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) using translocator protein positron emission tomography (TSPO PET) for imaging of microglia. They demonstrated that TSPO PET can monitor PML longitudinally.

  • Checkpoint Inhibitors: The First Effective Therapy for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy?

    Enhancing the immune response with checkpoint inhibitors may be beneficial in the management of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a viral disease previously recalcitrant to therapy.

  • Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy With Pembrolizumab

    These authors evaluated the effect of pembrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody that functions as a down-regulator of PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1), on patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. In five of eight treated patients, clinical stabilization or improvement was seen in association with reduced cerebrospinal fluid JC viral load. This is the first reported effective treatment for this disease with a therapeutic agent targeting the JC virus.