Infectious Disease General
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Malaria Vaccination: Dangerous, Dubious, or Ready for Prime Time?
Malaria vaccination with the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine is safe and effective. Implementation of the four-dose vaccination regimen for young children in areas of moderate- and high-intensity malaria transmission is in progress — with the expectation that hundreds of thousands of lives could be saved each year.
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Oral Penicillin Challenge Found to Be Noninferior to Skin Testing Followed by Oral Challenge in Low-Risk Patients with Reported Penicillin Allergy
A multicenter, randomized clinical trial that compared direct oral penicillin challenge in low-risk patients to skin testing followed by oral challenge found no significant differences. Direct oral penicillin challenge appears to be a safe and effective way to delabel a penicillin allergy.
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Post-Exposure Rabies Prophylaxis — Shorter, Simpler, and Less Costly
After bites by animals potentially infected with rabies, three-visit (over one week) intradermal rabies vaccination was compared to standard four-visit (over two weeks) intramuscular rabies vaccination. Both vaccine regimens prompted similarly protective neutralizing antibody and T-cell responses. While still off-label, the shorter, simpler regimen could protect patients at lower cost than the current standard regimen.
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Locally Acquired Malaria Cases in the United States
Seven cases of locally acquired malaria have occurred in Florida and Texas.
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Long-Term Successful Virological Suppression with Dolutegravir Monotherapy in the EARL-SIMPLIFIED Trial
Dolutegravir monotherapy was demonstrated to be non-inferior as compared with combination antiretroviral therapy in EARLY-SIMPLIFIED, a randomized, controlled trial with long-term follow-up that included a highly selected group of people with HIV-1 infection.
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The Degree of Pyuria Can Help Determine Urinary Tract Infection in Elderly Women
Elderly women with a urinary tract infection had a higher median number of urinary leukocytes compared to uninfected controls, including those with asymptomatic bacteriuria. For 264 leukocytes/µL, the sensitivity and specificity of microscopy were 88%. Using the standard pyuria threshold of 10 leukocytes/µL gave a specificity of 36% and a sensitivity of 100%.
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A Comparison of Sequelae After Hospitalization with COVID-19, Influenza, or Sepsis
The incidence of most selected new-onset medical conditions did not significantly differ among those who had been hospitalized with COVID-19, influenza, or sepsis.
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Leprosy Cases with Possible Acquisition in the United States
Six patients in California were found to have leprosy in the absence of a known exposure.
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Infectious Disease Alert Updates
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Endocarditis; Daptomycin-Associated Eosinophilic Pneumonia: The Lyon Algorithm
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APIC 2023 Keynote: IPs Must Reclaim Their Power
The 2023 APIC keynote speaker called for infection preventionists to reclaim their narrative, to tell people what they do in no uncertain terms, and to empower others to do likewise.