Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale
Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale
Patients should be asked whether they have experienced these 16 negative feelings and four positive feelings in the past week. Score 1 for "yes" on negative questions and 0 for "no." Positive questions are scored in reverse. A score of 9 or higher indicates depressive symptoms and warrants further examination.
- I was bothered by things that usually don’t bother me.
- I did not feel like eating; my appetite was poor.
- I felt I could not shake off the blues even with help from my family and friends.
- I felt I was just as good as other people.
- I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing.
- I felt depressed.
- I felt that everything I did was an effort.
- I felt hopeful about the future.
- I thought my life had been a failure.
- I felt fearful.
- My sleep was restless.
- I was happy.
- It seemed I talked less than usual.
- I felt lonely.
- People were unfriendly.
- I enjoyed life.
- I had crying spells.
- I felt sad.
- I felt that people disliked me.
- I could not get going.
Source: Ostir GV, Markides KS, Peek MK, et al. The association between emotional well-being and the incidence of stroke in older adults. Psychosom Med 2001; 63:210-215.
Subscribe Now for Access
You have reached your article limit for the month. We hope you found our articles both enjoyable and insightful. For information on new subscriptions, product trials, alternative billing arrangements or group and site discounts please call 800-688-2421. We look forward to having you as a long-term member of the Relias Media community.