This article will attempt to highlight the most clinically relevant and common etiologies of altered mental status that present to the emergency department.

This paper illustrates that, of the confirmed genetic forms of Parkinson’s disease, there are common cognitive and psychiatric features, thus adding to our knowledge of the clinical phenotype of these genetic forms.

Measurement of postoperative plasma neurofilament light protein (NfL) in plasma appears to have a dose-dependent correlation with delirium severity, independent of inflammation. This observation provides evidence of neuronal injury from delirium.

Clinical identification of fluctuating cognition is challenging. A better understanding of potential etiological mechanisms can allow for optimization of clinical assessment tools and targeted therapeutic approaches.

The authors of a cross-sectional study involving analysis of data from the ongoing Understanding Neurologic Injury and Traumatic Encephalopathy (UNITE) study found that dementia is likely a result of neuropathologic changes associated with repetitive head injury as well as non-head trauma-associated vascular pathologic changes in patients with chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

In this prospective longitudinal study investigating the potential mechanistic link between adiposity and vascular cognitive impairment, anthropometric and metabolic hormone adiposity predictors were differentially associated with cerebrovascular and brain volumetry outcomes by sex in older individuals.