Infectious Disease Topics
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Post-Exposure Rabies Prophylaxis — Shorter, Simpler, and Less Costly
After bites by animals potentially infected with rabies, three-visit (over one week) intradermal rabies vaccination was compared to standard four-visit (over two weeks) intramuscular rabies vaccination. Both vaccine regimens prompted similarly protective neutralizing antibody and T-cell responses. While still off-label, the shorter, simpler regimen could protect patients at lower cost than the current standard regimen.
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Locally Acquired Malaria Cases in the United States
Seven cases of locally acquired malaria have occurred in Florida and Texas.
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Long-Term Successful Virological Suppression with Dolutegravir Monotherapy in the EARL-SIMPLIFIED Trial
Dolutegravir monotherapy was demonstrated to be non-inferior as compared with combination antiretroviral therapy in EARLY-SIMPLIFIED, a randomized, controlled trial with long-term follow-up that included a highly selected group of people with HIV-1 infection.
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The Degree of Pyuria Can Help Determine Urinary Tract Infection in Elderly Women
Elderly women with a urinary tract infection had a higher median number of urinary leukocytes compared to uninfected controls, including those with asymptomatic bacteriuria. For 264 leukocytes/µL, the sensitivity and specificity of microscopy were 88%. Using the standard pyuria threshold of 10 leukocytes/µL gave a specificity of 36% and a sensitivity of 100%.
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A Comparison of Sequelae After Hospitalization with COVID-19, Influenza, or Sepsis
The incidence of most selected new-onset medical conditions did not significantly differ among those who had been hospitalized with COVID-19, influenza, or sepsis.
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Syphilis RPR May Fluctuate Before Treatment
The more time between testing and treatment, the more likely the change in the titer. Since patients often are called back for treatment, these data suggest clinicians should obtain a repeat rapid plasma reagin at the time these patients return for treatment, effectively establishing a new baseline.
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What Is the Optimal Duration of Antibiotics for a Complicated UTI with Bacteremia?
An observational study of adults hospitalized with a complicated urinary tract infection and bacteremia revealed seven days of therapy was enough for most cases when they received antibiotics with comparable intravenous and oral bioavailability.
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Induction Therapy for HIV/AIDS-Related Disseminated Histoplasmosis with Single High-Dose Liposomal Amphotericin B
In a Phase II randomized clinical trial involving 118 participants in Brazil with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)-related disseminated histoplasmosis, induction therapy with single high-dose (10 mg/kg) liposomal amphotericin B was safe and non-inferior as compared with standard dose (3 mg/kg) liposomal amphotericin B given once daily for 14 days.
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Infectious Disease Alert Updates
Head and Neck Cancer Worse in HIV; Syphilis RPR May Fluctuate Before Treatment
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Biden Announces Choice for New CDC Director
Mandy Cohen will succeed Rochelle Walensky, who will step down at the end of June.