Surgery
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Ethical Problems When Using Artificial Intelligence Assistance During Surgery
AI-assisted surgery raises some of the same ethical issues as similar tools in healthcare, such as bias and data privacy. However, some problems are specific to surgery.
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Age and Sexual Dimorphism in Aortic Regurgitation
Among patients with chronic, significant aortic regurgitation, women and older men without symptoms indicating the need for aortic valve replacement maintained smaller left ventricular volumes than young men and developed adverse clinical events at lower left ventricular volumes.
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Valve Replacement Risk and Lifetime Management of Aortic Valve Disease
The authors of an analysis of more than 31,000 patients from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons’ database identified patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) after prior transcutaneous AVR (TAVR) or SAVR. SAVR after TAVR raised the risk of mortality vs. SAVR after SAVR.
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Clip Found to Be Safe and Effective for Alleviating Tricuspid Regurgitation
In this randomized trial of tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair, the intervention was found to be safe and effective at alleviating tricuspid regurgitation. Quality of life scores improved with intervention compared with medical therapy, although death and heart failure hospitalization rates were not significantly different.
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Living Donor Liver Transplant Raises Multiple Ethical Questions
Living donor liver transplantation could save more lives, but a lack of public awareness about the procedure, the lack of qualified surgeons available to perform the operation, and fears about the donor's long-term health all are obstacles to expansion.
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HRSA Reveals Plan to Overhaul Nation’s Organ Transplant System
Agency focused on better technology, more data-sharing, transparent governance, and streamlined operations.
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When the Aortic Annulus Is Small, Does TAVR Valve Type Matter?
In this propensity-matched analysis of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) registry patients with small aortic annuli, the hemodynamic advantage of self-expanding TAVR valves was not associated with better clinical outcomes compared with balloon-expandable valves up to five years.
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Researchers Dig Deeper Into Multimorbidity Surgical Risks
Knowing more about specific conditions that might raise risk could help clinicians better classify which older patients are good candidates for surgery.
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Surgical Risk of Mitral Valve Repair, Updated
A contemporary update of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk calculator for operative mortality and morbidity in nonemergent primary mitral valve repair for regurgitation shows an operative mortality rate of 1.2%, with a conversion to replacement of 6%, in more than 53,000 patients.
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Informed Consent Is Central Ethical Issue for Studies of Pig Organ Transplants
Existing policies for human research subject protection might not be adequate for these trials, mainly because there are so many unknowns with outcomes in humans.