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Compared to manual surveillance methods, an electronic surveillance tool for catheter-associated urinary tract infections had a high negative predictive value but a low positive predictive value.
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HIV-infected patients diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis who received antiretroviral therapy (ART) 5 weeks after starting antifungal therapy had improved survival at 26 weeks compared to similar patients who received ART at 1-2 weeks (45% vs 30%, respectively, P=0.03).
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Among 3602 young adults from coastal Kenya, the overall prevalence of HIV-1 infection was 3.9%. Of 241 patients presenting with fever, 4 patients (1.7%) had acute HIV infection (AHI). 1 of 265 (0.4%) of non-febrile patients had AHI. Malaria was confirmed by PCR in 4 (1.7%) of the febrile patients.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Association of Public Health Laboratories. Laboratory testing for the diagnosis of HIV infection: updated recommendations. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/HIVtestingAlgorithmRecommendation-Final.pdf
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Once virtually eradicated through routine immunization, measles and mumps are making a striking comeback in the U.S. in 2014 with a record number of post-vaccination era measles cases and several large mumps outbreaks on college campuses.
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An anti-vaccine movement that has been amplified by the Internet and endorsed by vocal celebrities has created a persistent public fear that the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine causes autism in children.
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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has created a new website to alert infection preventionists, clinicians and the public about a deadly but poorly understood syndrome: sepsis.
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Antimicrobial prophylaxis reduces the rate of recurrent urinary tract infection in children with vesicoureteral reflux, but it does not alter the rate of renal scarring. Intestinal flora develop antimicrobial resistance in children receiving prophylaxis.
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25 cases of neurologic complications of influenza were reported from Great Britain beginning in 2011. 84% of cases were seen in children. A variety of distinct neurological manifestations were seen. 80% of patients required intensive care, 68% had poor outcomes, and 4 patients (16%) died.