Infectious Disease Topics
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Endocarditis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
While the incidence of infective endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement is low, the resultant morbidity and mortality is severe. Enterococci were the leading cause, a finding that raises questions about appropriate peri-procedural antibiotic prophylaxis.
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Houston, We Have a Problem: Eosinophilic Meningitis in Children
In addition to causing eosinophilic meningitis in tropical regions, Angiostrongylus cantonensis now has been associated with chronic, otherwise unexplained fever in children in Texas.
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Screening for Latent Tuberculosis: An Update After 20 Years
Detection and treatment of latent tuberculous infection remains a key element of tuberculosis control in the United States.
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Acute Flaccid Myelitis Possibly Associated with Enterovirus D68 Respiratory Infection
During the late summer and fall of 2014, cases of acute flaccid myelitis were reported in pediatric patients in the United States. Of 120 cases of acute flaccid myelitis reported, 47% had enterovirus D68 isolated from respiratory secretions when virus isolation was attempted seven days or less after onset of respiratory symptoms.
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The Growing Threat of Pyelonephritis Caused by Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia Coli
In patients with acute pyelonephritis due to Escherichia coli presenting to one of 10 emergency departments, fluoroquinolone resistance ranged from 6.3% to 19.9%.
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Infectious Disease Alert Updates
Travel Recommendations for Hajj; Dung and Tetracycline
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Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir Tablets (Epclusa)
The FDA has approved the first drug combination for the treatment of all six major genotypes of hepatitis C virus infections.
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Rotavirus Vaccination Prevents Febrile Seizures in Children
In Queensland, Australia, rotavirus vaccine was shown to be 36% effective in preventing emergency department presentation for febrile seizures among children up to two years following vaccination.
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Steroids Increase the Risk for Community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
A case-control study observed an increased risk for developing community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia with the use of systemic glucocorticoids. A distinct dose-response relationship was found.
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Antibiotics, Breastfeeding, and the Intestinal Microbiota
Breastfeeding is associated with less frequent bacterial infections and with less subsequent obesity. Using antibiotics reduces or removes these favorable effects of breastfeeding, perhaps via alterations in the intestinal microbiota.