Infectious Disease
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Fatal Flea-Borne Typhus in California
Three fatal cases of flea-borne typhus, which is endemic in Southern California as well as in Texas and Hawaii, occurred in Los Angeles County in 2022 — the first such fatalities in two decades.
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Major Cardiovascular Event Risk Reduction with Pitavastatin in People Living with HIV
A large randomized, controlled trial (REPRIEVE) conducted by Grinspoon and colleagues showed that in participants living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who are at low-to-moderate risk for cardiovascular disease, those who received pitavastatin had a 35% lower risk of experiencing a major adverse cardiovascular event over a follow-up of approximately five years than those who received placebo.
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Nirsevimab-alip Injection (Beyfortus)
Nirsevimab can be prescribed to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract disease in neonates and infants born during or entering their first RSV season.
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U.S. Long COVID Strategy Takes Flight
HHS opens Office of Long COVID Research and Practice, NIH begins enrollment for key clinical trials.
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Biden, Congress Transition to New Era of Pandemic Prevention
The White House Office of Pandemic Preparedness and Response Policy will take over the duties of the current COVID-19 and Mpox teams in August.
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Infectious Disease Alert Updates
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Endocarditis; Daptomycin-Associated Eosinophilic Pneumonia: The Lyon Algorithm
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Post-Exposure Rabies Prophylaxis — Shorter, Simpler, and Less Costly
After bites by animals potentially infected with rabies, three-visit (over one week) intradermal rabies vaccination was compared to standard four-visit (over two weeks) intramuscular rabies vaccination. Both vaccine regimens prompted similarly protective neutralizing antibody and T-cell responses. While still off-label, the shorter, simpler regimen could protect patients at lower cost than the current standard regimen.
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Locally Acquired Malaria Cases in the United States
Seven cases of locally acquired malaria have occurred in Florida and Texas.
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Long-Term Successful Virological Suppression with Dolutegravir Monotherapy in the EARL-SIMPLIFIED Trial
Dolutegravir monotherapy was demonstrated to be non-inferior as compared with combination antiretroviral therapy in EARLY-SIMPLIFIED, a randomized, controlled trial with long-term follow-up that included a highly selected group of people with HIV-1 infection.
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The Degree of Pyuria Can Help Determine Urinary Tract Infection in Elderly Women
Elderly women with a urinary tract infection had a higher median number of urinary leukocytes compared to uninfected controls, including those with asymptomatic bacteriuria. For 264 leukocytes/µL, the sensitivity and specificity of microscopy were 88%. Using the standard pyuria threshold of 10 leukocytes/µL gave a specificity of 36% and a sensitivity of 100%.