Internal Medicine Alert
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Exploring the Benefits of Time-Restricted Eating and Nutritional Counseling
In a randomized trial, adding time-restricted eating (limiting eating to an eight- to 10-hour window) to standard nutritional counseling improved hemoglobin A1c, glycemic control, and other markers of cardiometabolic health when compared to standard treatment alone.
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Twice-Yearly Subcutaneous Lenacapavir Injection Prevents HIV Infection
Subcutaneous injection of lenacapavir every 26 weeks had 100% efficacy in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a high-risk population.
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Validation of the New American Heart Association’s PREVENT Equations
An analysis of the accuracy of the new American Heart Association PREVENT Equations for predicting 10-year cardiovascular disease mortality in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey population has shown excellent discrimination with only modest underprediction and supports its use vs. the pooled cohort equation, which is the current standard.
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Combatting the Resurgence of Syphilis
Syphilis has continued its upward trend, reaching the highest number of cases in the United States in 2023 since the 1950s. There was a brief dip in cases during the first few months of social isolation with COVID, but, overall, cases have doubled since 2015. It is obvious the current approach of testing those who present with symptoms or other sexually transmitted infections is not sufficient.
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Preventing Recurrent UTI with Probiotics
About half of women experience urinary tract infection (UTI) during their lifetime, and around 20% to 25% will experience recurrent UTI (defined as three or more UTIs in a 12-month period or two UTIs in a six-month period). Those with two UTIs in a six-month period have a 50% chance of a third UTI. Repeated courses of antibacterials distort both intestinal and vaginal flora, further increasing the risk of urinary infection.
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Inavolisib Tablets (Itovebi)
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved inavolisib, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, for the treatment of advanced hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer with a PIK3CA mutation. Inavolisib was granted a priority review and Breakthrough Therapy Designation.
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Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer
A large retrospective cohort study demonstrated that long-term use of proton pump inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal adenocarcinoma.
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How Does the 12-Lead Help?
You are given the electrocardiogram (ECG) in the figure without the benefit of any history. How would you interpret this tracing? How does the 12-lead ECG help with interpretation of the rhythm?
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Xanomeline and Trospium Chloride Capsules (Cobenfy)
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the first-in-class muscarinic agonist and antagonists for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults. This is the first antipsychotic drug approved in decades and is unique in that it targets cholinergic receptors — unlike traditional agents, which target dopamine receptors.
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A New Technique for Predicting Outcomes in Asymptomatic AS
An international study of patients with moderate or asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis has demonstrated that increased amounts of left ventricular fibrosis, as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, is associated with worse outcomes.