Articles Tagged With: trauma
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Cervical Spinal Injury
Although spinal injuries are uncommon, they should be considered when children have sustained head or neck trauma or multiple severe injuries. Children with severe or multisystem trauma are more likely to suffer a spinal injury. Thus, emergency department providers should have a lower threshold to immobilize and image such patients to prevent morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the most common pediatric spinal fractures and injuries and optimal management practices.
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Orofacial, Eye, and Ear Trauma
Facial trauma is uncommon in children. However, the unique features of these injuries, as well as the assessment and management considerations to minimize radiation exposure and ensure optimal cosmetic outcome, require an awareness of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach in pediatric patients. The authors provide an overview of orofacial, eye, and ear trauma in children.
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Hemorrhage Control: Advances in Trauma Care
Massive hemorrhage is a devastating scenario. Early identification is essential to allow for prompt, potentially lifesaving interventions with the goal of rapid control of exsanguination.
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Airway Management in Trauma
The process of airway management has evolved considerably to include rapid sequence intubation (RSI), the use of various procedures, and sophisticated devices designed to assist in the placement of an endotracheal tube. This article summarizes the basic concepts of airway management, the technique of RSI, and post-intubation management in trauma patients.
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Childhood Head Trauma and Risk of Subsequent Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
A large study that reviewed longitudinally collected data from the national Swedish Patient Register found that head trauma in adolescents was associated with an increased risk of subsequent diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
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The Pediatric Airway and Rapid Sequence Intubation in Trauma
This article will discuss in detail the approach to the pediatric trauma patient, with a strict focus on the pediatric airway.
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Penetrating Chest Injury
Penetrating trauma of the chest can have severe and devastating consequences. Advances in ultrasound and treatment therapies have improved survival. A high degree of suspicion is indicated to identify the more subtle injuries associated with penetrating trauma to the chest.
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Penetrating Neck Trauma
Penetrating neck trauma presents a clinical challenge to the emergency physician. Clinicians must have a planned approach to these patients to optimize outcomes.
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Traumatic Amputations
Traumatic amputations can be extremely debilitating injuries that have long-term functional and psychological outcomes. The authors review traumatic amputations, diagnostic evaluation, and management.
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Tranexamic Acid in Trauma
Tranexamic acid or TXA is a potent antifibrinolytic that has the potential to decrease clot breakdown and reduce bleeding in trauma patients. Studies have shown that the use of TXA in trauma patients improves overall survival, although these studies have been discounted as not being relevant to trauma care as practiced in well-resourced countries. Thus, the adoption of TXA into trauma protocols in U.S. centers has been slow and controversial. Further studies are needed to answer questions about which patient populations can benefit most from TXA and how it should be used in highly developed and well-resourced trauma systems and centers.